Saving Human Lives: What Complexity Science and Information Systems can Contribute

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• 作者：Dirk Helbing (1) (2)
  Dirk Brockmann (3) (4)
  Thomas Chadefaux (1)
  Karsten Donnay (1)
  Ulf Blanke (5)
  Olivia Woolley-Meza (1)
  Mehdi Moussaid (6)
  Anders Johansson (7) (8)
  Jens Krause (9)
  Sebastian Schutte (10)
  Matja啪 Perc (11)
  
  1. ETH Zurich ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ; 8092 ; Zurich ; Switzerland
  2. Risk Center ; ETH Zurich ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ; 8092聽 ; Zurich ; Switzerland
  3. Robert Koch-Institute ; 13353聽 ; Berlin ; Germany
  4. Institute for Theoretical Biology ; Humboldt-University ; 10115聽 ; Berlin ; Germany
  5. Wearable Computing Laboratory ; ETH Zurich ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ; 8092 ; Zurich ; Switzerland
  6. Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC) ; Max Planck Institute for Human Development ; 14195 ; Berlin ; Germany
  7. Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis ; University College London ; London ; W1T 4TJ ; UK
  8. Systems Centre ; Department of Civil Engineering ; University of Bristol ; Bristol ; BS8 1UB ; UK
  9. Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes ; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries ; 12587 ; Berlin ; Germany
  10. Center for Comparative and International Studies ; ETH Zurich ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ; 8092 ; Zurich ; Switzerland
  11. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics ; University of Maribor ; 2000 ; Maribor ; Slovenia
  
• 关键词：Crowd disasters ; Crime ; Terrorism ; War ; Disease spreading ; Complexity science
• 刊名：Journal of Statistical Physics
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：158
• 期：3
• 页码：735-781
• 全文大小：6,831 KB
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• 刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
• 刊物主题：Physics
  Statistical Physics
  Mathematical and Computational Physics
  Physical Chemistry
  Quantum Physics
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1572-9613

文摘

We discuss models and data of crowd disasters, crime, terrorism, war and disease spreading to show that conventional recipes, such as deterrence strategies, are often not effective and sufficient to contain them. Many common approaches do not provide a good picture of the actual system behavior, because they neglect feedback loops, instabilities and cascade effects. The complex and often counter-intuitive behavior of social systems and their macro-level collective dynamics can be better understood by means of complexity science. We highlight that a suitable system design and management can help to stop undesirable cascade effects and to enable favorable kinds of self-organization in the system. In such a way, complexity science can help to save human lives.