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Rhinogobius sp. YB (Gobiidae) distributed in the Ryukyu Archipelago is a fluvial species of gobies. We present 34 novel microsatellite loci that were tested on 32 individuals from the Okierabu-jima Island in Kagoshima Prefecture. Seventeen loci were polymorphic, while the remaining 17 were monomorphic. The number of alleles per the polymorphic loci ranged from 2 to 15. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.038 to 1.000 and the expected heterozygosities varied from 0.038 to 0.816. These microsatellite loci will enhance future investigations on the genetic differentiation and structure of populations of R. sp. YB.