参考文献:1. Danforth KN, Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F (2009) Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence. J Urol 181:193鈥?97 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.09.007">CrossRef 2. Izci Y, Topsever P, Filiz TM, 脟inar ND, Uluda臒 C, Lagro-Janssen T (2009) The association between diabetes mellitus and urinary incontinence in adult women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20:947鈥?52 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-0888-8">CrossRef 3. Fayyad AM, Hill SR, Jones GR (2009) Prevalence and risk factors for bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms in women with diabetes mellitus from hospital-based diabetes clinic. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20:1339鈥?344 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-0949-z">CrossRef 4. Ebbesen MH, Hannestad YS, Midthjell K, Hunskaar S (2007) Diabetes and urinary incontinence鈥攑revalence data from Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 86:1256鈥?262 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016340701625347">CrossRef 5. Kebapci N, Yenilmez A, Efe B, Entok E, Demirustu C (2007) Bladder dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. Neurourol Urodyn 26:814鈥?19 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20422">CrossRef 6. Smith DB (2006) Urinary incontinence and diabetes: a review. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 33:619鈥?23 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152192-200611000-00005">CrossRef 7. Fayyad AM, Hill SR, Jones G (2010) Urine production and bladder diary measurements in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relation to lower urinary tract symptoms and voiding dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 29:354鈥?58 8. Siracusano S, d鈥橝loia G, Lentini MG, Silvestre G (2002) Diabetic cystopathy. Diabetes Nutr Metab 15:41鈥?4 9. Liu RT, Chung MS, Lee WC, Chang SW, Huang ST, Yang KD et al (2011) Prevalence of overactive bladder and associated risk factors in 1359 patients with type 2 diabetes. Urology 78:1040鈥?045. doi:ef">10.1016/j.urology.2011.05.017 10. Rizk DEE, Padmanabhan RK, Tariq S, Shafiullah M, Ahmed I (2006) Ultra-structural morphological abnormalities of the urinary bladder in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 17:143鈥?54 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-005-1359-5">CrossRef 11. Subak LL, Whitcomb E, Shen H, Saxton J, Vittinghoff E, Brown JS (2005) Weight loss: a novel and effective treatment for urinary incontinence. J Urol 174:190鈥?95 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000162056.30326.83">CrossRef 12. Brown JS, Wing R, Barrett-Connor E, Nyberg LM, Kusek JW, Orchard TJ et al (2006) Lifestyle intervention is associated with lower prevalence of urinary incontinence: the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care 29:385鈥?90 external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1781">CrossRef
作者单位:Mohamed Abdel-fattah (1) (4) Diaa E. E. Rizk (2) (3)
1. Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK 4. Second Floor, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 3. The Canadian Continence Foundation, Peterborough, ON, Canada