Structure of the Pliocene Camp dels Ninots maar-diatreme (Catalan Volcanic Zone, NE Spain)

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• 作者：O. Oms ; X. Bolós ; S. Barde-Cabusson ; J. Martí ; A. Casas…
• 关键词：Maar ; diatreme ; Lake ; Electrical resistivity tomography ; Gravity survey ; Catalan Volcanic Zone
• 刊名：Bulletin of Volcanology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：77
• 期：11
• 全文大小：10,559 KB
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• 作者单位：O. Oms (1)
  X. Bolós (2)
  S. Barde-Cabusson (2)
  J. Martí (2)
  A. Casas (3)
  R. Lovera (3)
  M. Himi (3) (4)
  B. Gómez de Soler (5) (6)
  G. Campeny Vall-Llosera (5) (6)
  D. Pedrazzi (2) (7)
  J. Agustí (8)
  
  1. Geology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Fac. Ciencies, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
  2. Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Group of Volcanology, SIMGEO (UB-CSIC), Lluis Sole i Sabaris s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
  3. Economic and Environmental Geology and Hydrology Group, Department of Geochemistry, Petrology and Geological Prospecting, Faculty of Geology, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
  4. Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d’Al Hoceima (ENSAH), Université Mohammed Premier, Ajdir, Al Hoceima, Morocco
  5. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Edifici W3, Campus Sescelades URV, 40007, Tarragona, Spain
  6. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
  7. Centro de Geociéncias, UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
  8. ICREA Professor, IPHES-URV, Tarragona, Spain
  
• 刊物主题：Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy; Mineralogy; Sedimentology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0819

文摘

Maar volcanoes expose shallower or deeper levels of their internal structure as a function of the degree of erosion. In El Camp dels Ninots maar-diatreme (Catalan Volcanic Zone, Spain), the tephra ring has been largely eroded, and the remaining volcanic deposits infilling the diatreme are hidden under a lacustrine sedimentary infill of the crater. The volcano shows hardly any exposure, so its study needs the application of direct (e.g., boreholes) and indirect (shallow geophysics) subsurface exploration techniques. Additionally, this maar-diatreme was built astride two different substrates (i.e., mixed setting) as a result of its location in a normal fault separating Neogene sediments from Paleozoic granites. In order to characterize the internal structure and post-eruption stratigraphy of the maar-diatreme, we did geological studies (mapping, continuous core logging, and description of the tephra ring outcrops) and near-surface geophysics, including nine transects of electric resistivity tomography and a gravity survey. Results show that the deeper part of the diatreme is excavated into granites and is relatively steep and symmetrical. The uppermost diatreme is asymmetrical because of mechanical contrast between granites and Pliocene sands. The maar crater contained a lake permanently isolated from the surrounding relief and was deep enough to host anoxic bottom waters while its margins had shallower waters. These lake conditions preserved the remarkable Pliocene fossil record found in the lacustrine sediments.