The problem of axonal injury in the brains of veterans with histories of blast exposure
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Jiwon Ryu (1)
Iren Horkayne-Szakaly (2)
Leyan Xu (1)
Olga Pletnikova (1)
Francesco Leri (5)
Charles Eberhart (1)
Juan C Troncoso (1)
Vassilis E Koliatsos (1) (3) (4)
1. Department of Pathology ; Division of Neuropathology ; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ; Baltimore ; MD ; 21205 ; USA
2. Department of Neuropathology & Ophthalmic Pathology ; Joint Pathology Center ; Defense Health Agency ; 606 Stephen Sitter Ave. ; Silver Spring ; MD ; 20910 ; USA
5. Department of Psychology ; University of Guelph ; Guelph ; ON ; N1G 2聽W1 ; Canada
3. Department of Neurology ; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ; Baltimore ; MD ; 21205 ; USA
4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ; Baltimore ; MD ; 21205 ; USA - 关键词：Traumatic brain injury ; Diffuse axonal injury ; APP ; Axon bulbs ; Opiate ; Microglia
- 刊名：Acta Neuropathologica Communications
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：December 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：2
- 期：1
- 全文大小：2,290 KB
- 参考文献：1. Mott, FW (1916) The effects of high explosives upon the central nervous system. Lancet 1: pp. 331-338
2. Department of Defense (2012) DoD Worldwide Numbers for Traumatic Brain Injury. http://dvbic.dcoe.mil/dod-worldwide-numbers-tbi
3. Cernak, I, Noble-Haeusslein, LJ (2010) Traumatic brain injury: an overview of pathobiology with emphasis on military populations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 30: pp. 255-266 CrossRef
4. Mac Donald, CL, Johnson, AM, Cooper, D, Nelson, EC, Werner, NJ, Shimony, JS, Snyder, AZ, Raichle, ME, Witherow, JR, Fang, R, Flaherty, SF, Brody, DL (2011) Detection of blast-related traumatic brain injury in U.S. military personnel. N Engl J Med 364: pp. 2091-2100 CrossRef
5. Miller, KJ, Ivins, BJ, Schwab, KA (2013) Self-Reported Mild TBI and Postconcussive Symptoms in a Peacetime Active Duty Military Population: Effect of Multiple TBI History Versus Single Mild TBI. J Head Trauma Rehabil 28: pp. 31-38 CrossRef
6. Gironda, RJ, Clark, ME, Ruff, RL, Chait, S, Craine, M, Walker, R, Scholten, J (2009) Traumatic Brain Injury, Polytrauma, and Pain: Challenges and Treatment Strategies for the Polytrauma Rehabilitation. Rehabil Psychol 54: pp. 247-258 CrossRef
7. Lew, HL, Otis, JD, Tun, C, Kerns, RD, Clark, ME, Cifu, DX (2009) Prevalence of chronic pain, posttraumatic stress disorder, and persistent postconcussive symptoms in OIF/OEF veterans: Polytrauma clinical triad. J Rehabil Res Dev 46: pp. 697-702 CrossRef
8. Taylor, BC, Hagel, EM, Carlson, KF, Cifu, DX, Cutting, A, Bidelspach, DE, Sayer, NA (2012) Prevalence and Costs of Co-occurring Traumatic Brain Injury With and Without Psychiatric Disturbance and Pain Among Afghanistan and Iraq War Veteran VA Users. Med Care 50: pp. 342-346 CrossRef
9. Shively, SB, Perl, DP (2012) Traumatic brain injury, shell shock, and posttraumatic stress disorder in the military鈥損ast, present, and future. J Head Trauma Rehabil 27: pp. 234-239 CrossRef
10. De Lanerolle, NC, Bandak, F, Kang, D, Li, AY, Du, F, Swauger, P, Parks, S, Ling, G, Kim, JH (2011) Characteristics of an explosive blast-induced brain injury in an experimental model. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70: pp. 1046-1057 CrossRef
11. Koliatsos, VE, Cernak, I, Xu, L, Song, Y, Savonenko, A, Crain, BJ, Eberhart, CG, Frangakis, CE, Melnikova, T, Kim, H, Lee, D (2011) A mouse model of blast injury to brain: initial pathological, neuropathological, and behavioral characterization. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70: pp. 399-416 CrossRef
12. Jorge, RE, Acion, L, White, T, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Pierson, R, Crespo-Facorro, B, Magnotta, VA (2012) White matter abnormalities in veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. Am J Psychiatry 169: pp. 1284-1291 CrossRef
13. Adams, JH, Graham, DI, Murray, LS, Scott, G (1982) Diffuse axonal injury due to nonmissile head injury in humans: an analysis of 45 cases. Ann Neurol 12: pp. 557-563 CrossRef
14. Blumbergs, PC, Jones, NR, North, JB (1989) Diffuse axonal injury in head trauma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52: pp. 838-841 CrossRef
15. Blumbergs, PC, Scott, G, Manavis, J, Wainwright, H, Simpson, DA, Mclean, AJ (1994) Staining of Amyloid Precursor Protein to Study Axonal Damage in Mild Head-Injury. Lancet 344: pp. 1055-1056 CrossRef
16. Mittl, RL, Grossman, RI, Hiehle, JF, Hurst, RW, Kauder, DR, Gennarelli, TA, Alburger, GW (1994) Prevalence of MR evidence of diffuse axonal injury in patients with mild head injury and normal head CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15: pp. 1583-1589
17. Strich, SJ (1956) Diffuse degeneration of the cerebral white matter in severe dementia following head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 19: pp. 163-185 CrossRef
18. Smith, DH, Meaney, DF, Shull, WH (2003) Diffuse axonal injury in head trauma. J Head Trauma Rehabil 18: pp. 307-316 CrossRef
19. Povlishock, JT (1992) Traumatically Induced Axonal Injury - Pathogenesis and Pathobiological Implications. Brain Pathol 2: pp. 1-12
20. Povlishock, JT, Christman, CW (1995) The Pathobiology of Traumatically Induced Axonal Injury in Animals and Humans - A Review of Current Thoughts. J Neurotrauma 12: pp. 555-564 CrossRef
21. Strich, S (1961) Shearing of nerve fiberes as a cause of brain damage due to head injury: A Pathological Study of Twenty Cases. The Lancet 278: pp. 443-448 CrossRef
22. Blumbergs, PC, Scott, G, Manavis, J, Wainwright, H, Simpson, DA (1995) Topography of Axonal Injury As Defined by Amyloid Precursor Protein and the Sector Scoring Method in Mild and Severe Closed-Head Injury. J Neurotrauma 12: pp. 565-572 CrossRef
23. Chen, XH, Johnson, VE, Uryu, K, Trojanowski, JQ, Smith, DH (2009) A Lack of Amyloid beta Plaques Despite Persistent Accumulation of Amyloid beta in Axons of Long-Term Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Pathol 19: pp. 214-223 CrossRef
24. Gentleman, SM, Nash, MJ, Sweeting, CJ, Graham, DI, Roberts, GW (1993) Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein (Beta-App) As A Marker for Axonal Injury After Head-Injury. Neurosci Lett 160: pp. 139-144 CrossRef
25. Hedreen, JC, Koliatsos, VE (1994) Phosphorylated neurofilaments in neuronal perikary perikarya and dendrites in human brain following axonal damage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53: pp. 663-671 CrossRef
26. Gundersen, HJG, Bendtsen, TF, Korbo, L, Marcussen, N, Moller, A, Nielsen, K, Nyengaard, JR, Pakkenberg, B, Sorensen, FB, Vesterby, A, West, MJ (1988) Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS 96: pp. 379-394 CrossRef
27. Pakaski, M, Bjelik, A, Hugyecz, M, Kasa, P, Janka, Z, Kalman, J (2005) Imipramine and citalopram facilitate amyloid precursor protein secretion in vitro. Neurochem Int 47: pp. 190-195 CrossRef
28. Goldstein, LE, Fisher, AM, Tagge, CA, Zhang, XL, Velisek, L, Sullivan, JA, Upreti, C, Kracht, JM, Ericsson, M, Wojnarowicz, MW, Goletiani, CJ, Maglakelidze, GM, Casey, N, Moncaster, JA, Minaeva, O, Moir, RD, Nowinski, CJ, Stern, RA, Cantu, RC, Geiling, J, Blusztajn, JK, Wolozin, BL, Ikezu, T, Stein, TD, Budson, AE, Kowall, NW, Chargin, D, Sharon, A, Saman, S, Hall, GF (2012) Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in blast-exposed military veterans and a blast neurotrauma mouse model. Sci Transl Med 4: pp. 134-60
29. Long, JB, Bentley, TL, Wessner, KA, Cerone, C, Sweeney, S, Bauman, RA (2009) Blast overpressure in rats: recreating a battlefield injury in the laboratory. J Neurotrauma 26: pp. 827-840 CrossRef
30. Gama Sosa, MA, De, GR, Janssen, PL, Yuk, FJ, Anazodo, PC, Pricop, PE, Paulino, AJ, Wicinski, B, Shaughness, MC, Maudlin-Jeronimo, E, Hall, AA, Dickstein, DL, McCarron, RM, Chavko, M, Hof, PR, Ahlers, ST, Elder, GA (2014) Selective vulnerability of the cerebral vasculature to blast injury in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2: pp. 67 CrossRef
31. Sosa, MA, De, GR, Paulino, AJ, Pricop, PE, Shaughness, MC, Maudlin-Jeronimo, E, Hall, AA, Janssen, WG, Yuk, FJ, Dorr, NP, Dickstein, DL, McCarron, RM, Chavko, M, Hof, PR, Ahlers, ST, Elder, GA (2013) Blast overpressure induces shear-related injuries in the brain of rats exposed to a mild traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 1: pp. 51 CrossRef
32. Mac, DC, Johnson, A, Cooper, D, Malone, T, Sorrell, J, Shimony, J, Parsons, M, Snyder, A, Raichle, M, Fang, R, Flaherty, S, Russell, M, Brody, DL (2013) Cerebellar White Matter Abnormalities following Primary Blast Injury in US Military Personnel. PLoS One 8: pp. e55823 CrossRef
33. Morey, RA, Haswell, CC, Selgrade, ES, Massoglia, D, Liu, C, Weiner, J, Marx, CE, Cernak, I, McCarthy, G (2013) Effects of chronic mild traumatic brain injury on white matter integrity in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Hum Brain Mapp 34: pp. 2986-2999 CrossRef
34. Levin, HS, Wilde, E, Troyanskaya, M, Petersen, NJ, Scheibel, R, Newsome, M, Radaideh, M, Wu, T, Yallampalli, R, Chu, Z, Li, X (2010) Diffusion tensor imaging of mild to moderate blast-related traumatic brain injury and its sequelae. J Neurotrauma 27: pp. 683-694 CrossRef
35. Taylor, PA, Ford, CC (2009) Simulation of blast-induced early-time intracranial wave physics leading to traumatic brain injury. J Biomech Eng 131: pp. 061007 CrossRef
36. Geddes, JF, Vowles, GH, Beer, TW, Ellison, DW (1997) The diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury: implications for forensic practice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 23: pp. 339-347 CrossRef
37. Johnson, VE, Stewart, JE, Begbie, FD, Trojanowski, JQ, Smith, DH, Stewart, W (2013) Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury. Brain 136: pp. 28-42 CrossRef
38. Oehmichen, M, Meissner, C, Schmidt, V, Pedal, I, Konig, HG, Saternus, KS (1998) Axonal injury鈥揳 diagnostic tool in forensic neuropathology? A review. Forensic Sci Int 95: pp. 67-83 CrossRef
39. Griffin, JW, George, EB, Hsieh, ST, Glass, JD (1995) Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton. Oxford University Press, Oxford
40. Glass, JD, Brushart, TM, George, EB, Griffin, JW (1993) Prolonged survival of transected nerve fibres in C57BL/Ola mice is an intrinsic characteristic of the axon. J Neurocytol 22: pp. 311-321 CrossRef
41. Lunn, ER, Perry, VH, Brown, MC, Rosen, H, Gordon, S (1989) Absence of Wallerian Degeneration does not Hinder Regeneration in Peripheral Nerve. Eur J Neurosci 1: pp. 27-33 CrossRef
42. Chen, XH, Meaney, DF, Xu, BN, Nonaka, M, McIntosh, TK, Wolf, JA, Saatman, KE, Smith, DH (1999) Evolution of neurofilament subtype accumulation in axons following diffuse brain injury in the pig. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58: pp. 588-596 CrossRef
43. Buttner, A (2011) Review: The neuropathology of drug abuse. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 37: pp. 118-134 CrossRef
44. Buttner, A, Rohrmoser, K, Mall, G, Penning, R, Weis, S (2006) Widespread axonal damage in the brain of drug abusers as evidenced by accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP): an immunohistochemical investigation. Addiction 101: pp. 1339-1346 CrossRef
45. Niess, C, Grauel, U, Toennes, SW, Bratzke, H (2002) Incidence of axonal injury in human brain tissue. Acta Neuropathol 104: pp. 79-84 CrossRef
46. Dolinak, D, Smith, C, Graham, DI (2000) Global hypoxia per se is an unusual cause of axonal injury. Acta Neuropathol 100: pp. 553-560 CrossRef
47. Foda, MA, Marmarou, A (1994) A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part II: Morphological characterization. J Neurosurg 80: pp. 301-313 CrossRef
48. McIntosh, TK, Vink, R, Noble, L, Yamakami, I, Fernyak, S, Soares, H, Faden, AL (1989) Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat - Characterization of A Lateral Fluid-Percussion Model. Neuroscience 28: pp. 233-244 CrossRef
49. Morales, DM, Marklund, N, Lebold, D, Thompson, HJ, Pitkanen, A, Maxwell, WL, Longhi, L, Laurer, H, Maegele, M, Neugebauer, E, Graham, DI, Stocchetti, N, McIntosh, TK (2005) Experimental models of traumatic brain injury: Do we really need to build a better mousetrap?. Neuroscience 136: pp. 971-989 CrossRef
50. Povlishock, JT, Marmarou, A, McIntosh, T, Trojanowski, JQ, Moroi, J (1997) Impact acceleration injury in the rat: Evidence for focal axolemmal change and related neurofilament sidearm alteration. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 56: pp. 347-359 CrossRef
51. Wang, HC, Ma, YB (2010) Experimental models of traumatic axonal injury. J Clin Neurosci 17: pp. 157-162 CrossRef
52. Waxman, SG, Black, JA, Stys, PK, Ransom, BR (1992) Ultrastructural concomitants of anoxic injury and early post-anoxic recovery in rat optic nerve. Brain Res 574: pp. 105-119 CrossRef
53. Omalu, B, Hammers, JL, Bailes, J, Hamilton, RL, Kamboh, MI, Webster, G, Fitzsimmons, RP (2011) Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in an Iraqi war veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder who committed suicide. Neurosurg Focus 31: pp. E3 CrossRef
54. Kontos, AP, Kotwal, RS, Elbin, RJ, Lutz, RH, Forsten, RD, Benson, PJ, Guskiewicz, KM (2013) Residual effects of combat-related mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 30: pp. 680-686 CrossRef
55. Engel M (2007) Parents blame VA in fatal overdose. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/mar/12/local/me-vet12
56. Zoroya G (2008) Troops reportedly popping more painkillers. USA Today, October 20th, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/military/2008-10-20-paindrugs_N.htm? - 刊物主题：Neurosciences;
- 出版者：BioMed Central
- ISSN：2051-5960
文摘
Introduction Blast injury to brain, a hundred-year old problem with poorly characterized neuropathology, has resurfaced as health concern in recent deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan. To characterize the neuropathology of blast injury, we examined the brains of veterans for the presence of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-positive axonal swellings typical of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and compared them to healthy controls as well as controls with opiate overdose, anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and non-blast TBI (falls and motor vehicle crashes). Results In cases with blast history, we found APP (+) axonal abnormalities in several brain sites, especially the medial dorsal frontal white matter. In white matter, these abnormalities were featured primarily by clusters of axonal spheroids or varicosities in a honeycomb pattern with perivascular distribution. Axonal abnormalities colocalized with IBA1 (+) reactive microglia and had an appearance that was distinct from classical DAI encountered in TBI due to motor vehicle crashes. Opiate overdose cases also showed APP (+) axonal abnormalities, but the intensity of these lesions was lower compared to cases with blast histories and there was no clear association of such lesions with microglial activation. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that many cases with history of blast exposure are featured by APP (+) axonopathy that may be related to blast exposure, but an important role for opiate overdose, antemortem anoxia, and concurrent blunt TBI events in war theater or elsewhere cannot be discounted.