Data Hiding in H.264/AVC Video Files Using the Coded Block Pattern

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• 关键词：Data hiding ; Coded block pattern ; H.264/AVC ; Compressed video
• 刊名：Lecture Notes in Computer Science
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：10082
• 期：1
• 页码：588-600
• 丛书名：Digital Forensics and Watermarking
• ISBN：978-3-319-53465-7
• 卷排序：10082

文摘

This paper presents a novel data hiding method for H.264 which employs the coded block pattern (CBP) as the data carrier. The CBP is defined in the H.264/AVC standard, and indicates which luma and chroma blocks in a macroblock contain non-zero transform coefficients. To the best of our knowledge, little research has been conducted on exploiting the CBP for information hiding. In the proposed method, the four least significant bits of each CBP are mapped to a single bit to form the embedding channel. In addition, an embedding distortion function is specifically designed to evaluate the impacts of CBP manipulation on visual quality and compression efficiency. Combined with the suitably defined distortion function, the syndrome-trellis codes are employed to minimize the overall embedding impact. The experimental results show that only a slight reduction in visual quality would be caused, even when large payload is embedded. In addition, the compression efficiency could be maintained with insignificant fluctuation in bitrates.