Using Species Distribution Modeling to Assess Factors that Determine the Distribution of Two Parapatric Howlers (Alouatta spp.) in South America

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• 作者：Ingrid Holzmann ; Ilaria Agostini ; Karen DeMatteo…
• 关键词：Alouatta caraya ; Alouatta guariba clamitans ; MaxEnt ; Potential geographic distribution
• 刊名：International Journal of Primatology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：36
• 期：1
• 页码：18-32
• 全文大小：932 KB
• 参考文献：1. Agostini, I, Holzmann, I, Bitetti, MS (2008) Infant hybrids in a newly formed mixed-species group of howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans and Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina. Primates 49: pp. 304-307 CrossRef
  2. Agostini, I., Holzmann, I., & Di Bitetti, M. (2010a). Are howler monkey species ecologically equivalent? Trophic niche overlap in syntopic / Alouatta guariba clamitans and Alouatta caraya. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 173-86.
  3. Agostini, I., Holzmann, I., & Di Bitetti, M. (2010b). Ranging patterns of two syntopic howler monkey species ( / Alouatta guariba clamitans and A. caraya) in Northeastern Argentina. / International Journal of Primatology, 31, 363-81.
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  16. DeMatteo, KE, Loiselle, BA (2008) New data on the status and distribution of the bush dog (Speothos venaticus): Evaluating its quality of protection and directing res
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Evolutionary Biology
  Human Genetics
  Anthropology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-8604

文摘

Through presence-only data, ecological niche modeling can use environmental variables to generate maps of areas that are potentially suitable for the presence of a species, improving our knowledge of its niche requirements and extending our understanding of its geographic distribution. We used the ecological niche model MaxEnt to predict the potential distribution of black-and-gold howlers (Alouatta caraya) and brown howlers (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in South America, as well as the potential sympatry area between both species. We modeled distributions of Alouatta caraya (196 presence localities, 8 bioclimatic variables) and A. guariba clamitans (74 presence localities, 13 bioclimatic variables) using bioclimatic variables from WorldClim with habitat suitability categorized as low, moderate, or high. Alouatta caraya showed a broader potential distribution, occupying a wide variety of habitats in a broad range of temperatures. Temperature annual range (Bio 7) was the bioclimatic variable with most influence in modeling the potential distribution of this species. Alouatta guariba clamitans was more restricted to rainy areas of mature forests at higher altitudes with low minimum temperatures. Mean temperature of coldest quarter (Bio 11) was the bioclimatic variable with the highest influence in this model. The predicted area of potential sympatry of both species was a relatively small area in the interior Atlantic Forest ecoregion, and a new syntopy locality occurred within the predicted area of sympatry. This narrow zone of overlap could be maintained, among other causes, by the role of the Paraná River as a natural barrier for dispersion, differences in niche requirements, potential interspecific competition, and hybridization.