Conservation Tillage Affects Species Composition But Not Species Diversity: A Comparative Study in Northern Italy

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• 作者：Francesco Boscutti (1) (2)
  Maurizia Sigura (1)
  Nadia Gambon (1)
  Corrado Lagazio (3)
  Bertil O. Kr眉si (2)
  Pierluigi Bonfanti (1)
  
  1. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences ; University of Udine ; Via delle Scienze 208 ; 33100 ; Udine ; Italy
  2. Zurich University of Applied Science ZHAW ; Schloss ; 8820 ; W盲denswil ; Switzerland
  3. Department of Economy ; University of Genova ; Via Vivaldi 5 ; 16126 ; Genoa ; Italy
  
• 关键词：Agro ; ecosystem sustainability ; Biodiversity assessment ; Soil conservation farming ; Biocoenosis characterization
• 刊名：Environmental Management
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：55
• 期：2
• 页码：443-452
• 全文大小：346 KB
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• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environmental Management
  Ecology
  Nature Conservation
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Forestry Management
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1432-1009

文摘

Conservation tillage (CT) is widely considered to be a practice aimed at preserving several ecosystem functions. In the literature, however, there seems to be no clear pattern with regard to its benefits on species diversity and species composition. In Northern Italy, we compared species composition and diversity of both vascular plants and Carabids under two contrasting tillage systems, i.e., CT and conventional tillage, respectively. We hypothesized a significant positive impact of CT on both species diversity and composition. We also considered the potential influence of crop type. The tillage systems were studied under open field conditions with three types of annual crops (i.e., maize, soybean, and winter cereals), using a split-plot design on pairs of adjacent fields. Linear mixed models were applied to test tillage system, crop, and interaction effects on diversity indices. Plant and Carabids communities were analyzed by multivariate methods (CCA). On the whole, 136 plant and 51 carabid taxa were recorded. The two tillage systems studied did not differ in floristic or carabid diversity. Species composition, by contrast, proved to be characteristic for each combination of tillage system and crop type. In particular, CT fields were characterized by nutrient demanding weeds and the associated Carabids. The differences were especially pronounced in fields with winter cereals. The same was true for the flora and Carabids along the field boundaries. For studying the effects of CT practices on the sustainability of agro-ecosystems, therefore, the focus should be on species composition rather than on diversity measures.