Environmental variation and rivers govern the structure of chimpanzee genetic diversity in a biodiversity hotspot

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• 作者：Matthew W Mitchell (1) (2)
  Sabrina Locatelli (2) (3)
  Paul R Sesink Clee (1) (2)
  Henri A Thomassen (4)
  Mary Katherine Gonder (1) (2)
  
  1. Department of Biology ; Drexel University ; Philadelphia ; Pennsylvania ; 19104 ; USA
  2. Department of Biological Sciences ; University at Albany 鈥?State University of New York ; Albany ; New York ; 12222 ; USA
  3. Institut de Recherche pour le D茅veloppement (IRD) and Universit茅 Montpellier 1 (UM1) ; 34394 ; Montpellier ; France
  4. Institute of Evolution and Ecology ; Eberhard Karls Universit盲t T眉bingen ; D-72076 ; T眉bingen ; Germany
  
• 刊名：BMC Evolutionary Biology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：15
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,835 KB
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• 刊物主题：Evolutionary Biology; Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Entomology; Genetics and Population Dynamics; Life Sciences, general;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1471-2148

文摘

Background The mechanisms that underlie the diversification of tropical animals remain poorly understood, but new approaches that combine geo-spatial modeling with spatially explicit genetic data are providing fresh insights on this topic. Data about the diversification of tropical mammals remain particularly sparse, and vanishingly few opportunities exist to study endangered large mammals that increasingly exist only in isolated pockets. The chimpanzees of Cameroon represent a unique opportunity to examine the mechanisms that promote genetic differentiation in tropical mammals because the region is home to two chimpanzee subspecies: Pan troglodytes ellioti and P. t. trogolodytes. Their ranges converge in central Cameroon, which is a geographically, climatically and environmentally complex region that presents an unparalleled opportunity to examine the roles of rivers and/or environmental variation in influencing the evolution of chimpanzee populations. Results We analyzed microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA HVRI sequencing data from wild chimpanzees sampled at a fine geographic scale across Cameroon and eastern Nigeria using a spatially explicit approach based upon Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling. Both the Sanaga River and environmental variation were found to contribute to driving separation of the subspecies. The importance of environmental variation differed among subspecies. Gene-environment associations were weak in P. t. troglodytes, whereas environmental variation was found to play a much larger role in shaping patterns of genetic differentiation in P. t. ellioti. Conclusions We found that both the Sanaga River and environmental variation likely play a role in shaping patterns of chimpanzee genetic diversity. Future studies using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data are necessary to further understand how rivers and environmental variation contribute to shaping patterns of genetic variation in chimpanzees.