Underwater Acoustic Signatures of Recreational Swimmers, Divers, Surfers and Kayakers

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• 作者：Christine Erbe ; Miles Parsons ; Alec J. Duncan ; Kim Allen
• 关键词：Sound signature ; Swimming performance ; Kayaking ; Diving ; Man ; made sound ; Underwater sound
• 刊名：Acoustics Australia
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：August 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：44
• 期：2
• 页码：333-341
• 全文大小：3,528 KB
• 刊物类别：Engineering Acoustics; Acoustics; Noise Control;
• 刊物主题：Engineering Acoustics; Acoustics; Noise Control;
• 出版者：Springer Singapore
• ISSN：1839-2571
• 卷排序：44

文摘

Non-motorised, recreational water activities were recorded underwater in the controlled setting of a public swimming pool during the off-season. Individuals, one at a time, swam freestyle and breaststroke, snorkelled, scuba-dived, kicked a boogie board and a surfboard, kayaked, and simply jumped into the water. Underwater video and still images were recorded at the same time to interpret the sounds recorded. Most of the sound was due to bubbles generated underwater. Activities involving fins (flippers) were the loudest (boogie boarding and snorkelling), followed by freestyle swimming, surfboard paddling, and kayaking. Breaststroke generated the fewest bubbles and was the quietest. All activities produced bubbles, hence noise, at a characteristic temporal pattern. Scuba-diving exhibited two distinct noise spectra related to inhalation and exhalation. Received levels ranged from 110 to 131 dB re 1 \(\upmu \)Pa (10–16,000 Hz) for all of the activities at the closest point of approach (1 m). The results might have applicability to the monitoring of pools for security reasons, to performance assessments of swimmers, and to studies of the distances at which humans may be detectible by marine animals in the sea.