Metal resistance in acidophilic microorganisms and its significance for biotechnologies
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- 作者：Mark Dopson (1)
David S. Holmes (2) - 关键词：Homeostasis ; System biology ; Biomining ; Biooxidation ; Metagenome ; Database
- 刊名：Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：October 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：98
- 期：19
- 页码：8133-8144
- 全文大小：844 KB
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David S. Holmes (2)
1. Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
2. Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Fundacion Ciencia y Vida, Santiago and Depto. Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile - ISSN：1432-0614
文摘
Extremely acidophilic microorganisms have an optimal pH of Acidophiles are metal-tolerant by both intrinsic, passive mechanisms as well as active systems. Passive mechanisms include an internal positive membrane potential that creates a chemiosmotic gradient against which metal cations must move, as well as the formation of metal sulfate complexes reducing the concentration of the free metal ion. Active systems include efflux proteins that pump metals out of the cytoplasm and conversion of the metal to a less toxic form. Acidophiles are exploited in a number of biotechnologies including biomining for sulfide mineral dissolution, biosulfidogenesis to produce sulfide that can selectively precipitate metals from process streams, treatment of acid mine drainage, and bioremediation of acidic metal-contaminated milieux. This review describes how acidophilic microorganisms tolerate extremely high metal concentrations in biotechnological processes and identifies areas of future work that hold promise for improving the efficiency of these applications.