Floral traits and pollination ecology of European Arum hybrids

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• 作者：Marion Chartier ; Suzanne Liagre ; Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss ; Bozena Kolano…
• 关键词：Floral odour ; Morphospace ; Psychodidae ; Sapromyiophily ; Wallace effect
• 刊名：Oecologia
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：180
• 期：2
• 页码：439-451
• 全文大小：812 KB
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• 作者单位：Marion Chartier (1)
  Suzanne Liagre (2)
  Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss (1)
  Bozena Kolano (3)
  Jean-Marie Bessière (4)
  Jürg Schönenberger (1)
  Marc Gibernau (5)
  
  1. Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
  2. Lille University, Cité 9 Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
  3. Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
  4. Center for Functional and Evolutive Ecology, Montpellier 2 University, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier 5, France
  5. CNRS - Université de Corse, SPE UMR 6134, Natural Resources Project – Vignola, Route des sanguinaires, 20000, Ajaccio, France
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1939

文摘

Hybridisation is common in plants and can affect the genetic diversity and ecology of sympatric parental populations. Hybrids may resemble the parental species in their ecology, leading to competition and/or gene introgression; alternatively, they may diverge from the parental phenotypes, possibly leading to the colonisation of new ecological niches and to speciation. Here, we describe inflorescence morphology, ploidy levels, pollinator attractive scents, and pollinator guilds of natural hybrids of Arum italicum and A. maculatum (Araceae) from a site with sympatric parental populations in southern France to determine how these traits affect the hybrid pollination ecology. Hybrids were characterised by inflorescences with a size and a number of flowers more similar to A. italicum than to A. maculatum. In most cases, hybrid stamens were purple, as in A. maculatum, and spadix appendices yellow, as in A. italicum. Hybrid floral scent was closer to that of A. italicum, but shared some compounds with A. maculatum and comprised unique compounds. Also, the pollinator guild of the hybrids was similar to that of A. italicum. Nevertheless, the hybrids attracted a high proportion of individuals of the main pollinator of A. maculatum. We discuss the effects of hybridisation in sympatric parental zones in which hybrids exhibit low levels of reproductive success, the establishment of reproductive barriers between parental species, the role of the composition of floral attractive scents in the differential attraction of pollinators and in the competition between hybrids and their parental species, and the potential of hybridisation to give rise to new independent lineages. Keywords Floral odour Morphospace Psychodidae Sapromyiophily Wallace effect