Social disparities in exposures to bisphenol A and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals: a cross-sectional study within NHANES 2003-2006

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Jessica W Nelson (1)
  Madeleine Kangsen Scammell (1)
  Elizabeth E Hatch (2)
  Thomas F Webster (1)
  
• 关键词：Bisphenol A ; Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals ; PFOS ; PFOA ; NHANES ; Socioeconomic position ; Income ; Race/ethnicity
• 刊名：Environmental Health
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：December 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：11
• 期：1
• 全文大小：271KB
• 参考文献：1. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, Zoeller RT, Gore AC: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an endocrine society scientific statement. / Endocr Rev 2009, 30:293鈥?42. CrossRef
  2. Vandenberg LN, Hauser R, Marcus M, Olea N, Welshons WV: Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). / Reprod Toxicol 2007, 24:139鈥?77. CrossRef
  3. CERHR (Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction): / NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Bisphenol A. 2007.
  4. NTP (National Toxicology Program): / Draft NTP Brief on Bisphenol A. NC: Research Triangle Park; 2008.
  5. Richter CA, Birnbaum LS, Farabollini F, Newbold RR, Rubin BS, Talsness CE, Vandenbergh JG, Walser-Kuntz DR, vom Saal FS: In vivo effects of bisphenol A in laboratory rodent studies. / Reprod Toxicol 2007, 24:199鈥?24. CrossRef
  6. Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, Rubin BS, Soto AM: Bisphenol-A and the great divide: a review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption. / Endocr Rev 2009, 30:75鈥?5. CrossRef
  7. vom Saal FS, Akingbemi BT, Belcher SM, Birnbaum LS, Crain DA, Eriksen M, Farabollini F, Guillette LJ, Hauser R, Heindel JJ, Ho SM, Hunt PA, Iguchi T, Jobling S, Kanno J, Keri RA, Knudsen KE, Laufer H, LeBlanc GA, Marcus M, McLachlan JA, Myers JP, Nadal A, Newbold RR, Olea N, Prins GS, Richter CA, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM, / et al.: Chapel Hill bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement: integration of mechanisms, effects in animals and potential to impact human health at current levels of exposure. / Reprod Toxicol 2007, 24:131鈥?38. CrossRef
  8. Trudel D, Horowitz L, Wormuth M, Scheringer M, Cousins IT, Hungerbuhler K: Estimating consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA. / Risk Anal 2008, 28:251鈥?69. CrossRef
  9. Biegel LB, Hurtt ME, Frame SR, O'Connor JC, Cook JC: Mechanisms of extrahepatic tumor induction by peroxisome proliferators in male CD rats. / Toxicol Sci 2001, 60:44鈥?5. CrossRef
  10. White SS, Calafat AM, Kuklenyik Z, Villanueva L, Zehr RD, Helfant L, Strynar MJ, Lindstrom AB, Thibodeaux JR, Wood C, Fenton SE: Gestational PFOA exposure of mice is associated with altered mammary gland development in dams and female offspring. / Toxicol Sci 2007, 96:133鈥?44. CrossRef
  11. Apelberg BJ, Witter FR, Herbstman JB, Calafat AM, Halden RU, Needham LL, Goldman LR: Cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in relation to weight and size at birth. / Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:1670鈥?676. CrossRef
  12. Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Tarone RE, Olsen J: Perfluorinated chemicals and fetal growth: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. / Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:1677鈥?682. CrossRef
  13. Nelson JW, Hatch EE, Webster TF: Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and cholesterol, body weight, and insulin resistance in the general U.S. Population. / Environ Health Perspect 2010, 118:197鈥?02. CrossRef
  14. Calafat AM, Wong LY, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Needham LL: Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the U.S. population: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003鈥?004 and comparisons with NHANES 1999鈥?000. / Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:1596鈥?602. CrossRef
  15. Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong LY, Reidy JA, Needham LL: Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003鈥?004. / Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116:39鈥?4. CrossRef
  16. Miyamoto K, Kotake M: Estimation of daily bisphenol a intake of Japanese individuals with emphasis on uncertainty and variability. / Environ Sci 2006, 13:15鈥?9.
  17. Wilson NK, Chuang JC, Morgan MK, Lordo RA, Sheldon LS: An observational study of the potential exposures of preschool children to pentachlorophenol, bisphenol-A, and nonylphenol at home and daycare. / Environ Res 2007, 103:9鈥?0. CrossRef
  18. Tittlemier SA, Pepper K, Seymour C, Moisey J, Bronson R, Cao XL, Dabeka RW: Dietary exposure of Canadians to perfluorinated carboxylates and perfluorooctane sulfonate via consumption of meat, fish, fast foods, and food items prepared in their packaging. / J Agric Food Chem 2007, 55:3203鈥?210. CrossRef
  19. Egeghy PP, Lorber M: An assessment of the exposure of Americans to perfluorooctane sulfonate: a comparison of estimated intake with values inferred from NHANES data. / J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2011, 21:150鈥?68. CrossRef
  20. Fromme H, Tittlemier SA, Volkel W, Wilhelm M, Twardella D: Perfluorinated compounds-exposure assessment for the general population in Western countries. / Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009, 212:239鈥?70. CrossRef
  21. Fraser AJ, Webster TF, Watkins DJ, Nelson JW, Stapleton HM, Calafat AM, Kato K, Shoeib M, Vieira VM, McClean MD: Polyfluorinated compounds in serum linked to indoor air in office environments. / Environ Sci Technol 2011, 46:1209鈥?215. CrossRef
  22. Haug LS, Huber S, Becher G, Thomsen C: Characterisation of human exposure pathways to perfluorinated compounds-comparing exposure estimates with biomarkers of exposure. / Environ Int 2011, 37:687鈥?93. CrossRef
  23. Volkel W, Colnot T, Csanady GA, Filser JG, Dekant W: Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol a in humans at low doses following oral administration. / Chem Res Toxicol 2002, 15:1281鈥?287. CrossRef
  24. Stahlhut RW, Welshons WV, Swan SH: Bisphenol A data in NHANES suggest longer than expected half-life, substantial nonfood exposure, or both. / Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:784鈥?89.
  25. Bartell SM, Calafat AM, Lyu C, Kato K, Ryan PB, Steenland K: Rate of decline in serum PFOA concentrations after granular activated carbon filtration at two public water systems in Ohio and West Virginia. / Environ Health Perspect 2010, 118:222鈥?28. CrossRef
  26. Olsen GW, Burris JM, Ehresman DJ, Froehlich JW, Seacat AM, Butenhoff JL, Zobel LR: Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers. / Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:1298鈥?305. CrossRef
  27. Conder JM, Hoke RA, De Wolf W, Russell MH, Buck RC: Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds. / Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:995鈥?003. CrossRef
  28. Berkman LF, Kawachi I (Eds): / Social Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000.
  29. Oakes JM, Kaufman J (Eds): / Methods in Social Epidemiology. New York: Jossey-Bass; 2006.
  30. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): / NHANES 2003鈥?004 Public Data General Release File Documentation. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2005.
  31. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): / MEC In-Person Dietary Interviewer Procedures Manual. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2002.
  32. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): / NHANES 2003鈥?004 Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Food Security Questionnaire Data. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2007.
  33. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): / NHANES 2003鈥?004 Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Occupation. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2008.
  34. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): / NHANES 2005鈥?006 Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Food Security. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; 2008.
  35. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): / NHANES 2005鈥?006 Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Demographic Variables and Sample Weights. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2009.
  36. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): / NHANES 2003鈥?004 Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Demographic Variables and Sample Weights. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2009.
  37. U.S. Census Bureau: / Current Population Survey (CPS) - Definitions and Explanations. Revised May, 2010
  38. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development): What are equivalence scales? 2009.
  39. Rehkopf DH, Berkman LF, Coull B, Krieger N: The non-linear risk of mortality by income level in a healthy population: US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey mortality follow-up cohort, 1988鈥?001. / BMC Publ Health 2008, 8:383. CrossRef
  40. Zota AR, Rudel RA, Morello-Frosch RA, Brody JG: Elevated house dust and serum concentrations of PBDEs in California: unintended consequences of furniture flammability standards? / Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:8158鈥?164. CrossRef
  41. Barr DB, Wilder LC, Caudill SP, Gonzalez AJ, Needham LL, Pirkle JL: Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements. / Environ Health Perspect 2005, 113:192鈥?00. CrossRef
  42. Korn EL, Graubard BI: Epidemiologic studies utilizing surveys: accounting for the sampling design. / Am J Public Health 1991, 81:1166鈥?173. CrossRef
  43. Geyer S, Peter R: Income, occupational position, qualification and health inequalities-competing risks? (comparing indicators of social status). / J Epidemiol Community Health 2000, 54:299鈥?05. CrossRef
  44. Turrell G, Hewitt B, Patterson C, Oldenburg B: Measuring socio-economic position in dietary research: is choice of socio-economic indicator important? / Public Health Nutr 2003, 6:191鈥?00.
  45. Darmon N, Drewnowski A: Does social class predict diet quality? / Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:1107鈥?117.
  46. Sharkey JR, Horel S, Han D, Huber JC Jr: Association between neighborhood need and spatial access to food stores and fast food restaurants in neighborhoods of colonias. / Int J Health Geogr 2009, 8:9. CrossRef
  47. Rudel RA, Gray JM, Engel CL, Rawsthorne TW, Dodson RE, Ackerman JM, Rizzo J, Nudelman JL, Brody JG: Food packaging and bisphenol A and bis(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate exposure: findings from a dietary intervention. / Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:914鈥?20. CrossRef
  48. Vogel SA: The politics of plastics: the making and unmaking of bisphenol a "safety". / Am J Public Health 2009,99(Suppl 3):S559-S566. CrossRef
  49. Galobardes B, Morabia A, Bernstein MS: Diet and socioeconomic position: does the use of different indicators matter? / Int J Epidemiol 2001, 30:334鈥?40. CrossRef
  50. Liao C, Kannan K: Widespread occurrence of Bisphenol A in paper and paper products: implications for human exposure. / Environ Sci Technol 2011, 45:9372鈥?379. CrossRef
  51. Colon-Ramos U, Thompson FE, Yaroch AL, Moser RP, McNeel TS, Dodd KW, Atienza AA, Sugerman SB, Nebeling L: Differences in fruit and vegetable intake among Hispanic subgroups in California: results from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey. / J Am Diet Assoc 2009, 109:1878鈥?885. CrossRef
  52. Thompson FE, Midthune D, Subar AF, McNeel T, Berrigan D, Kipnis V: Dietary intake estimates in the National Health Interview Survey, 2000: methodology, results, and interpretation. / J Am Diet Assoc 2005, 105:352鈥?63. CrossRef
  53. Sjodin A, Wong LY, Jones RS, Park A, Zhang Y, Hodge C, Dipietro E, McClure C, Turner W, Needham LL, Patterson DG: Serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) in the United States population: 2003鈥?004. / Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:1377鈥?384. CrossRef
  54. Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE: Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. / Annu Rev Public Health 1997, 18:341鈥?78. CrossRef
  55. Hoffman K, Webster TF, Bartell SM, Weisskopf MG, Fletcher T, Vieira VM: Private drinking water wells as a source of exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in communities surrounding a fluoropolymer production facility. / Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:92鈥?7. CrossRef
  56. Mahalingaiah S, Meeker JD, Pearson KR, Calafat AM, Ye X, Petrozza J, Hauser R: Temporal variability and predictors of urinary bisphenol A concentrations in men and women. / Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116:173鈥?78. CrossRef
  57. Committee on Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Toxicants, National Research Council: / Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.
  
• 作者单位：Jessica W Nelson (1)
  Madeleine Kangsen Scammell (1)
  Elizabeth E Hatch (2)
  Thomas F Webster (1)
  
  1. Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, T4W, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA
  2. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, T3E, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA
  

文摘

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) are suspected endocrine disrupting compounds known to be ubiquitous in people's bodies. Population disparities in exposure to these chemicals have not been fully characterized. Methods We analyzed data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable linear regression we examined the association between urinary concentrations of BPA, serum concentrations of four PFCs, and multiple measures of socioeconomic position (SEP): family income, education, occupation, and food security. We also examined associations with race/ethnicity. Results All four PFCs were positively associated with family income, whereas BPA was inversely associated with family income. BPA concentrations were higher in people who reported very low food security and received emergency food assistance than in those who did not. This association was particularly strong in children: 6-11 year-olds whose families received emergency food had BPA levels 54% higher (95% CI, 13 to 112%) than children of families who did not. For BPA and PFCs we saw smaller and less consistent associations with education and occupation. Mexican Americans had the lowest concentrations of any racial/ethnic group of both types of chemicals; for PFCs, Mexican Americans not born in the U.S. had much lower levels than those born in the U.S. Conclusions People with lower incomes had higher body burdens of BPA; the reverse was true for PFCs. Family income with adjustment for family size was the strongest predictor of chemical concentrations among the different measures of SEP we studied. Income, education, occupation, and food security appear to capture different aspects of SEP that may be related to exposure to BPA and PFCs and are not necessarily interchangeable as measures of SEP in environmental epidemiology studies. Differences by race/ethnicity were independent of SEP.