Analysis of platinum-group elements in drill core samples from the Meishan Permian-Triassic boundary section, China

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Lin Xu (1)
  Yangting Lin (2)
  
• 关键词：Permian ; Triassic boundary event ; platinum ; group element ; mass extinction ; extraterrestrial impact ; basaltic volcanic eruption
• 刊名：Chinese Journal of Geochemistry
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：33
• 期：4
• 页码：365-373
• 全文大小：830 KB
• 参考文献：1. Anders E. and Grevesse N. (1989) Abundances of the elements: Meteoritic and solar [J]. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53, 197鈥?14. CrossRef
  2. Basu A.R., Petaev M.I., Poreda R.J., Jacobsen S.B., and Becker L. (2003) Chondritic meteorite fragments associated with the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica [J]. / Science. 302, 1388鈥?392. CrossRef
  3. Becker L., Poreda R.J., Hunt A.G., Bunch T.E., and Rampino M. (2001) Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in fullerenes [J]. / Science. 291, 1530鈥?533. CrossRef
  4. Benton M.J., Tverdokhlebov V.P., and Surkov M.V. (2004) Ecosystem remodelling among vertebrates at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Russian [J]. / Nature. 432, 97鈥?00. CrossRef
  5. Berner R.A. (2002) Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling [J]. / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99, 4172鈥?177. CrossRef
  6. Bowring S.A., Erwin D.H., Jin Yugan, Martin M.W., Davidek K., and Wang Wei (1998) U/Pb zircon geochronology and tempo of the End-Permian mass extinction [J]. / Science. 280, 1039鈥?045. CrossRef
  7. Clark D.L., Wang C., Orth C.J., and Gilmore J.S. (1986) Conodont survival and low iridium abundance across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China [J]. / Science. 233, 984鈥?86. CrossRef
  8. Courtillot V., Jaupart C., Manighetti I., Tapponnier P., and Besse J. (1999) On causal links between flood basalts and continental breakup [J]. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 166, 177鈥?95. CrossRef
  9. Ely J.C. and Neal C.R. (2003) Using platinum-group elements to investigate the origin of the Ontong Java Plateau, SW Pacific [J]. / Chemical Geology. 196(1鈥?). 235鈥?57. CrossRef
  10. Erwin D.H. (1994) The Permo-Triassic extinction [J]. / Nature. 367, 231鈥?36. CrossRef
  11. Farley K.A., Mukhopadhyay, Isozaki Y., Becker L., and Poreda R.J. (2001) An extraterrestrial impact at the Permian-Triassic Boundary? [J]. / Science. 293, 2343a. CrossRef
  12. Grard A., Francois L.M., Dessert C., Dupre B., and Godderis Y. (2005) Basaltic volcanism and mass extinction at the Permo-Triassic boundary: Environmental impact and modeling of the global carbon cycle [J]. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 234, 207鈥?21. CrossRef
  13. He Bin, Xu Yigang, Huang Xiaolong, Luo Zhenyu, Shi Yuruo, Yang Qijun, and Yu Songyue (2007) Age and duration of the Emeishan flood volcanism, SW China: Geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of silicic ignimbrites, post-volcanic Xuanwei Formation and clay tuff at the Chaotian section [J]. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 255(3-4), 306鈥?23. CrossRef
  14. Huey R.B. and Ward P.D. (2005) Hypoxia, global warming, and terrestrial Late Permian extinctions [J]. / Science. 308, 398鈥?01. CrossRef
  15. Jiang Yaofa, Tang Yuegang, Dai Shifeng, Zou Xing, Qian Handong, and Zhou Guoqing (2006) Pyrites and sulfur isotopic composition near the Permian-Triassic boundary in Meishan, Zhejiang [J]. / Acta Geological Sinica. 80, 1202鈥?207.
  16. Jin Xindi and Zhu Heping (2000) Determination of platinum group elements and gold in geological samples with ICP-MS using a sodium peroxide fusion and tellurium co-precipitation [J]. / Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 15, 747鈥?51. CrossRef
  17. Jin Yugan, Wang Yue, Wang Wei, Shang Qinghua, Cao Changqun, and Erwin D.H. (2000) Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China [J]. / Science. 289, 432鈥?36. CrossRef
  18. Kaiho K., Kajiwara Y., Nakano T., Miura Y., Kawahata H., Tazaki K., Ueshima M., Chen Z., and Shi G.R. (2001) End-Permian catastrophe by a bolide impact: Evidence of a gigantic release of sulfur from the mantle [J]. / Geology. 29, 815鈥?18. CrossRef
  19. Kamo S.L., Czamanske G.K., Amelin Y., Fedorenko V.A., Davis D.W., and Trofimov V.R. (2003) Rapid eruption of Siberian flood-volcanic rocks and evidence for coincidence with the Permian-Triassic boundary and mass extinction at 251 Ma [J]. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 214(1鈥?), 75鈥?1. CrossRef
  20. Kyte F.T., Smit J., and Wasson J.T. (1985) Siderophile interelement variations in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sediments from Caravaca, Spain [J]. / Earth Planetary Science Letters. 73, 183鈥?95. CrossRef
  21. Lee C.-T.A., Wasserburg G.J., and Kyte F.T. (2003) Platinum-group elements (PGE) and rhenium in marine sediments across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Constraints on Re-PGE transport in the marine environment [J]. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 67, 655鈥?70. CrossRef
  22. Liang Handong and Ding Tiping (2004) Evidence of extremely light gypsum from the Permian-Triassic (P/T) event boundary at the Meishan section of South China [J]. / Acta Geoscientica Sinica. 25, 33鈥?7.
  23. Liang Handong (2002) End-Permian catastrophic event of marine acidification by hydrated sulfuric acid: Mineralogical evidence from Meishan Section of South China [J]. / Chinese Science Bulletin. 47, 1393鈥?397. CrossRef
  24. Lightfoot P.C. and Keays R.R. (2005) Siderophile and chalcophile metal variations in flood basalts from the Siberian trap, Noril鈥檚k region: Implications for the origin of the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide ores [J]. / Economic Geology. 100, 439鈥?62. CrossRef
  25. Lo Chinghua, Chung Sunlin, Lee Tungyi, and Wu Genyao (2002) Age of the Emeishan flood magmatism and relations to Permian-Triassic boundary events [J]. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 198, 449鈥?58. CrossRef
  26. Maruoka T., Koeberl C., Hancox P.J., and Reimold W.U. (2003) Sulfur geochemistry across a terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary section in the Karoo Basin, South Africa [J]. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 206(1鈥?), 101鈥?17. CrossRef
  27. Meisel T., Moser J., Fellner N., Wegscheider W., and Schoenberg R. (2001) Simplified method for the determination of Ru, Pd, Re, Os, Ir and Pt in chromitites and other geological materials by isotope dilution ICP-MS and acid digestion [J]. / Analyst. 126, 322鈥?28. CrossRef
  28. Mundil R., Ludwig K.R., Metcalfe I., and Renne P.R. (2004) Age and timing of the Permian mass extinction: U/Pb dating of closed-system zircons [J]. / Science. 305, 1760鈥?763. CrossRef
  29. Payne J.L., Lehrmann D.J., Wei J., Orchard M.J., Schrag D.P., and Knoll A.H. (2004) Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the End-Permian extinction [J]. / Science. 305, 506鈥?09. CrossRef
  30. Plessen H.G. and Erzinger J. (1998) Determination of the platinum-group elements and gold in twenty rock reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after pre-concentration by nickel sulfide fire assay [J]. / Geostandards Newsletter. 22, 187鈥?94. CrossRef
  31. Poreda R.J. and Becker L. (2003) Fullerene and interplanery dust at the Permian-Triassic Boundry [J]. / Astrobiology. 3, 75鈥?0. CrossRef
  32. Qi Liang, Zhou Meifu, and Wang C.Y. (2004) Determination of low concentrations of platinum group elements in geological samples by ID-ICP-MS [J]. / Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 19, 1335鈥?339. CrossRef
  33. Reichow M.K., Saunders A.D., White R.V., Pringle M.S., Al鈥橫ukhamedov A.I., Medvedev A.I., and Kirda N.P. (2002) 40Ar/39Ar dates from the West Siberian Basin: Siberian Flood Basalt Province Doubled [J]. / Science. 296, 1846鈥?849. CrossRef
  34. Renne P.R., Black M.T., Zhang Z., Richards M.A., and Basu A.R. (1995) Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism [J]. / Science. 269, 1413鈥?416. CrossRef
  35. Shen Wenjie and Lin Yangting (2010) Environmental conditions and events prior to the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan section, China [J]. / Journal of Earth Science. 21(special), 151鈥?53. CrossRef
  36. Shen Wenjie, Lin Yangting, Xu Lin, Li Jianfeng, Wu Yasheng, and Sun Yongge (2007) Pyrite framboids in the Permian-Triassic boundary section at Meishan, China: Evidence for dysoxic deposition [J]. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 253, 323鈥?31. CrossRef
  37. Shen Wenjie, Sun Yongge, Lin Yangting, Liu Dehan, and Chai Pingxia (2011) Evidence for wildfire in the Meishan section and implications for Permian-Triassic events [J]. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 75, 1992鈥?006. CrossRef
  38. Song Xieyan, Zhou Meifu, Keays R.R., Cao Zhimin, Sun Min, and Qi Liang (2006) Geochemistry of the Emeishan flood basalts at Yangliuping, Sichuan, SW China: Implications for sulfide segregation [J]. / Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 152, 53鈥?4. CrossRef
  39. Wignall P.B. (2001) Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions [J]. / Earth Science Reviews. 53(1鈥?), 1鈥?3. CrossRef
  40. Wignall P.B. and Twitchett R.J. (1996) Oceanic anoxia and the Permian mass extinction [J]. / Science. 272, 1155鈥?158. CrossRef
  41. Xu Daoyi, Ma Shulan, Chai Zhifang, Mao Xueying, Sun Yiying, Zhang Qinwen, and Yang Zhengzhong (1985) Abundance variation of iridium and trace elements at the Permian/Triassic boundary at Shangsi in China [J]. / Nature. 314, 154鈥?56. CrossRef
  42. Xu Lin, Ling Yangting, Shen Wenjie, Qi Liang, Xie Liewen, and Ouyang Ziyuan (2007) Platinum-group elements of the Meishan Permian-Triassic boundary section: Evidence for flood basaltic volcanism [J]. / Chemical Geology. 246, 55鈥?4. CrossRef
  43. Xu Lin, Miao B., Lin Yangting, and Ouyang Ziyuan (2008) Ulasitai: A new iron meteorite likely pairing with Armanty (IIIE) [J]. / MAPS(in press).
  44. Yin Hongfu, Tong Jinan, and Zhang Kexin (2005) A review on the global stratotype section and point of the Permian-Triassic boundary [J]. / Acta Geological Sinica. 79, 715鈥?28. CrossRef
  45. Yin Hongfu, Zhang Kexin, Tong Jinan, Yang Zunyi, and Wu Shunbao (2001) The global stratotype section and point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary [J]. / Episodes. 24, 102鈥?14.
  46. Yin Hongfu, Sweet W.C., Glenister B.F., Kotlyar G., Kozer H., Newell N.D., Sheng Jinzhang, Yang Zunyi, and Zakharov Y.D. (1996) Recommendation of the Meishan; section as Global Stratotype Section and Point for basal boundary of Triassic System [J]. / Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 34, 81鈥?08.
  47. Zhou Lei and Kyte F.T. (1988) The Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ageochemical study of three Chinese sections [J]. / Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 90, 411鈥?21. CrossRef
  48. Zhou Meifu, Zhao Junhong, Qi Liang, Su Wenchao, and Hu Ruizhong (2006) Zircon U-Pb geochronology and elemental and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of Permian mafic rocks in the Funing area, SW China [J]. / Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 151, 1鈥?9. CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Lin Xu (1)
  Yangting Lin (2)
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
  
• ISSN：1993-0364

文摘

There is a long-standing controversy of what triggered the extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary, the most severe mass extinction in the geologic record, including flood basaltic volcanism and/or bolide impact hypothesis. In order to clarify various pieces of evidence for the mass extinction event at the Permian-Triassic boundary, some researchers from some laboratories throughout the world have made a comprehensive study on a group of samples from the Meishan area of China. Some fresh core samples from the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan area were analyzed in this study. The results showed that there is no Ir anomaly. Moreover, the PGEs patterns of those samples show obvious differentiation characteristics, that is different from the case encountered in meteorites. So no evidence supports the hypothesis of extraterrestrial impact. In contrast, the PGEs patterns are similar to those of Siberian and Emeishan basalts, which indicates that those PGEs are derived mainly from the basalts, lending a support to the correlation between mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary and flood basaltic volcanism. This study has also confirmed the results for samples from section C prior to the analysis of the samples.