Simple observation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm by scanning electron microscopy using ionic liquids

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• 作者：Yoko Asahi (1)
  Jiro Miura (2)
  Tetsuya Tsuda (3)
  Susumu Kuwabata (3)
  Katsuhiko Tsunashima (4)
  Yuichiro Noiri (1)
  Takao Sakata (5)
  Shigeyuki Ebisu (1)
  Mikako Hayashi (1)
  
  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology ; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry ; 1-8 Yamadaoka ; Suita ; Osaka ; 565-0871 ; Japan
  2. Division for Interdisciplinary Dentistry ; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry ; 1-8 Yamadaoka ; Suita ; Osaka ; 565-0871 ; Japan
  3. Department of Applied Chemistry ; Graduate School of Engineering ; Osaka University ; Suita ; Osaka ; 565-0871 ; Japan
  4. Department of Material Science ; Wakayama National College of Technology ; 77 Noshima ; Nada-cho ; Gobo ; Wakayama ; 644-0023 ; Japan
  5. Osaka University Research Center for Ultra-high-voltage Electron Microscopy ; Suita ; Osaka ; 565-0871 ; Japan
  
• 关键词：Biofilm ; Extracellular polymeric substance ; Ionic liquid ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Streptococcus mutans
• 刊名：AMB Express
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：5
• 期：1
• 全文大小：3,077 KB
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• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Biotechnology
  Microbiology
  Microbial Genetics and Genomics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：2191-0855

文摘

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been successfully used to image biofilms because of its high resolution and magnification. However, conventional SEM requires dehydration and metal coating of biological samples before observation, and because biofilms consist mainly of water, sample dehydration may influence the biofilm structure. When coated with an ionic liquid, which is a kind of salt that exists in the liquid state at room temperature, biological samples for SEM observation do not require dehydration or metal coating because ionic liquids do not evaporate under vacuum conditions and are electrically conductive. This study investigates the ability of ionic liquids to allow SEM observation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms compared with conventional coating methods. Two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic ionic liquids, all of which are electronic conductors, are used. Compared with samples prepared by the conventional method, the ionic-liquid-treated samples do not exhibit a fibrous extracellular matrix structure and cracking on the biofilm surface. The hydrophilic ionic liquids give clearer images of the biofilm structure than those of the hydrophobic ionic liquids. This study finds that ionic liquids are useful for allowing the observation of biofilms by SEM without preparation by dehydration and metal coating.