Diverse metabolic and stress-tolerance pathways in chasmoendolithic and soil communities of Miers Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

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• 作者：Sean T. S. Wei (1)
  Miguel-Angel Fernandez-Martinez (2)
  Yuki Chan (1)
  Joy D. Van Nostrand (3)
  Asuncion de los Rios-Murillo (2)
  Jill M. Y. Chiu (4)
  Annapoorna Maitrayee Ganeshram (1)
  S. Craig Cary (5)
  Jizhong Zhou (3) (6) (7)
  Stephen B. Pointing (1) (5)
  
  1. Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand ; School of Applied Sciences ; Auckland University of Technology ; Private Bag 92006 ; Auckland ; 1142 ; New Zealand
  2. Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales ; C/Serrano 115 Duplicado ; 28006 ; Madrid ; Spain
  3. Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology ; Institute for Environmental Genomics ; University of Oklahoma ; Norman ; OK ; 73019 ; USA
  4. Department of Biology ; Hong Kong Baptist University ; Kowloon Tong ; Hong Kong ; China
  5. International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research ; University of Waikato ; Private Bag 3105 ; Hamilton ; 3240 ; New Zealand
  6. Earth Sciences Division ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Berkeley ; CA ; 94720 ; USA
  7. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control ; School of Environment ; Tsinghua University ; Beijing ; 100084 ; China
  
• 关键词：Antarctica ; Chasmoendolith ; Dry Valleys ; Geochip ; Stress response
• 刊名：Polar Biology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：38
• 期：4
• 页码：433-443
• 全文大小：1,599 KB
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Oceanography
  Microbiology
  Plant Sciences
  Zoology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-2056

文摘

The majority of biomass in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica occurs within rocks and soils, but despite the wealth of biodiversity data very little is known about the potential functionality of communities within these substrates. The putative physiological capacity of microbial communities in granite boulders (chasmoendoliths) and soils of a maritime-influenced Antarctic Dry Valleys were interrogated using the GeoChip microarray. Diversity estimates revealed surprisingly high diversity and evenness in both communities, with Chlorobi and Deinococci in soils accounting for major differences between the substrates. Autotrophs were more diverse in chasmoendoliths, and diazotrophs more diverse in soils. Both substrates revealed a previously unappreciated abundance of Halobacteria (Archaea), Ascomycota (Fungi) and Basidiomycoyta (Fungi). The fungi accounted for much of the differences between substrates in metabolic pathways associated with carbon transformations, particularly for aromatic compounds. Nitrogen fixation genes were more common in soils, although nitrogen catabolism genes were abundant in chasmoendoliths. Stress response pathways were more diverse in chasmoendoliths, possibly reflecting greater environmental stress in this exposed substrate compared with subsurface soils. Overall diversity of stress-tolerance genes was markedly lower than that recorded for inland locations where environmental stress is exacerbated. We postulate that the chasmoendolithic community occupies a key role in biogeochemical transformations in Dry Valley systems where granite substrates are abundant among open soils. The findings indicate that a substantial upward revision to estimates of biologically active surfaces in this system is warranted.