Recent sediment accumulation rates in contrasting lakes in the Carpathians (Romania): impacts of shifts in socio-economic regime

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• 作者：Simon M. Hutchinson ; F. Olusola Akinyemi ; Marcel Mîndrescu…
• 关键词：CE Europe ; Land use change ; Socialist agricultural system ; Summer grazing ; Palaeolimnology ; Environmental magnetism ; Environmental monitoring ; Sediment geochemistry
• 刊名：Regional Environmental Change
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：16
• 期：2
• 页码：501-513
• 全文大小：5,172 KB
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• 作者单位：Simon M. Hutchinson (1)
  F. Olusola Akinyemi (1)
  Marcel Mîndrescu (2)
  Robert Begy (3)
  Angelica Feurdean (4) (5)
  
  1. School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
  2. Department of Geography, University of Suceava, 13 Universităţi Street, Suceava, 720229, Romania
  3. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babes Bolyai University, R-3400, Cluj Napoca, Romania
  4. Romanian Academy “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology, Clinicilor 5, 400006, Cluj Napoca, Romania
  5. Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Geoecology and Natural Processes
  Geology
  Oceanography
  Geography
  Nature Conservation
  Regional Science
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1436-378X

文摘

Longer-term environmental studies are increasingly used to better understand contemporary ecosystems conditions and for forecasting their future trajectories. Here, we use radiometric measurements and the characterisation of sediment properties from six mountain and a lowland lake in Central Eastern Europe with the aim to assess temporal and spatial variability in sediment accumulation rates (SARs) in relation to three socio-economic regimes: traditional (1840–1948), socialist (1948–1989) and post-socialist (post-1990). We also set out to determine reference conditions for these lakes i.e. conditions before significant human impact. Our results show a trend of increasing SARs from basal sediments (pre 1840) towards the present at only two sites. This contrasts with findings from Western and Central European lakes where SARs have predominantly increased from 1850 towards the top of cores. We highlight the differential impacts of the traditional, socialist and post-socialist periods on the SARs at these lakes. Lowland and mid-elevations lakes (n = 2) were most markedly impacted by the socialist period of land use regime; lakes from the southern Carpathians (n = 2) were more impacted in the traditional period (transhumance pastoral activities), whereas those from the north (n = 3) in the socialist and post-socialist periods (summer pastoralism). Results from our study show a continuous anthropogenic impact during the entire period considered, even in remote mountain areas. This suggests that a temporal frame of 100–150 years is too short to meaningfully register the reference conditions of these lakes. Furthermore, a predominantly natural state may not have existed for centuries in this region.