Metabolic pathway of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in carrageenan-degrading microorganisms

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• 作者：Sun Bok Lee ; Jeong Ah Kim ; Hyun Seung Lim
• 关键词：3 ; 6 ; Anhydro ; D ; galactose ; Metabolic pathway ; 2 ; Keto ; 3 ; deoxy ; D ; galactonate ; Carrageenan ; Dan operon ; DeLey–Doudoroff pathway
• 刊名：Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：100
• 期：9
• 页码：4109-4121
• 全文大小：875 KB
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• 作者单位：Sun Bok Lee (1) (2)
  Jeong Ah Kim (1)
  Hyun Seung Lim (1)
  
  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
  2. Graduate School of Engineering Mastership, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Biotechnology
  Microbiology
  Microbial Genetics and Genomics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0614

文摘

Complete hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan produces two sugars, D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose (D-AnG). At present, however, we do not know how carrageenan-degrading microorganisms metabolize D-AnG. In this study, we investigated the metabolic pathway of D-AnG degradation by comparative genomic analysis of Cellulophaga lytica LIM-21, Pseudoalteromonas atlantica T6c, and Epulopiscium sp. N.t. morphotype B, which represent the classes Flavobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Clostridia, respectively. In this bioinformatic analysis, we found candidate common genes that were believed to be involved in D-AnG metabolism. We then experimentally confirmed the enzymatic function of each gene product in the D-AnG cluster. In all three microorganisms, D-AnG metabolizing genes were clustered and organized in operon-like arrangements, which we named as the dan operon (3,6-d-anhydro-galactose). Combining bioinformatic analysis and experimental data, we showed that D-AnG is metabolized to pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate via four enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the following route: 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose → 3,6-anhydro-D-galactonate → 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-galactonate (D-KDGal) → 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-galactonate → pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The pathway of D-AnG degradation is composed of two parts: transformation of D-AnG to D-KDGal using two D-AnG specific enzymes and breakdown of D-KDGal to two glycolysis intermediates using two DeLey–Doudoroff pathway enzymes. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the metabolic pathway of D-AnG degradation.