参考文献:1. Aringer, (2004) Arthritis Rheum 50: pp. 3161 CrossRef 2. Aringer, (2009) Rheumatology 48: pp. 1451 CrossRef 3. Ball, (2014) Lupus 23: pp. 46 CrossRef 4. Bertsias, (2008) Ann Rheum Dis 67: pp. 195 CrossRef 5. Cardiel, (2008) Arthritis Rheum 58: pp. 2470 CrossRef 6. Condon, (2013) Ann Rheum Dis 72: pp. 1280 CrossRef 7. Daridon, (2010) Arthritis Res Ther 12: pp. R204 CrossRef 8. Dorner, (2006) Arthritis Res Ther 8: pp. R74 CrossRef 9. Dorner, (2010) Pharmacol Ther 125: pp. 464 CrossRef 10. Ezeonyeji, (2012) Rheumatology 51: pp. 476 CrossRef 11. Furie, (2014) Arthritis Rheumatol 66: pp. 379 CrossRef 12. Furie RA, Leon G, Thomas M et al (2014) A phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial of blisibimod, an inhibitor of B cell activating factor, in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus, the PEARL-SC study. Ann Rheum Dis (Epub ahead of print) 13. Ginzler, (2012) Arthritis Res Ther 14: pp. R33 CrossRef 14. Group, (2014) Arthritis Rheumatol 66: pp. 3096 CrossRef 15. Hahn, (1998) N Engl J Med 338: pp. 1359 CrossRef 16. Hahn, (2012) Arthritis Care Res: pp. 797 CrossRef 17. Hiepe, (2011) Rheumatology 7: pp. 170 18. Hoyer, (2004) J Exp Med 199: pp. 1577 CrossRef 19. Humrich J, Spee-Mayer C, Siegert E et al (2014) Induction of clinical remission by low-dose interleukin-2 in refractory SLE. Arthritis Rheumatol (Epub ahead of print) 20. Illei, (2010) Arthritis Rheum 62: pp. 542 CrossRef 21. Inghirami, (1988) Clin Exp Rheumatol 6: pp. 269 22. Isenberg, (2013) Ann Rheum Dis 72: pp. 258 CrossRef 23. Jacobi, (2008) Ann Rheum Dis 67: pp. 450 CrossRef 24. Kalunian, (2002) Arthritis Rheum 46: pp. 3251 CrossRef 25. Kremer, (2003) N Engl J Med 349: pp. 1907 CrossRef 26. Lauwerys, (2013) Arthritis Rheum 65: pp. 447 CrossRef 27. Liossis, (2004) BioDrugs 18: pp. 95 CrossRef 28. Maury, (1989) Arthritis Rheum 32: pp. 146 CrossRef 29. Mcbride, (2012) Arthritis Rheum 64: pp. 3666 CrossRef 30. Merrill, (2010) Arthritis Rheum 62: pp. 222 CrossRef 31. Moreland, (2002) Arthritis Rheum 46: pp. 1470 CrossRef 32. Muller, (2014) Rheumatology 10: pp. 422 33. Murray, (2010) Clin Rheumatol 29: pp. 707 CrossRef 34. Mysler, (2013) Arthritis Rheum 65: pp. 2368 CrossRef 35. Oropallo, (2011) Drug Dev Res 72: pp. 779 CrossRef 36. Parodis, (2014) Ann Rheum Dis 73: pp. 968 CrossRef 37. Pena-Rossi, (2009) Lupus 18: pp. 547 CrossRef 38. Pepper, (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: pp. 3717 CrossRef 39. Petri, (2013) Arthritis Rheum 65: pp. 1011 CrossRef 40. Powell, (2014) Ann Rheum Dis 73: pp. 75 CrossRef 41. Ramos-Casals, (2007) Medicine 86: pp. 242 CrossRef 42. Ripley, (2005) Ann Rheum Dis 64: pp. 849 CrossRef 43. Rolink, (2002) Curr Opin Immunol 14: pp. 266 CrossRef 44. Rose, (2013) Ann Rheum Dis 72: pp. 1639 CrossRef 45. Rovin, (2012) Arthritis Rheum 64: pp. 1215 CrossRef 46. Schwarting, (2014) Ann Rheum Dis 73: pp. 78 CrossRef 47. Shirota, (2013) Ann Rheum Dis 72: pp. 118 CrossRef 48. Studnicka-Benke, (1996) Br J Rheumatol 35: pp. 1067 CrossRef 49. Tew, (2010) Lupus 19: pp. 146 CrossRef 50. Tsai, (2000) Nephron 85: pp. 207 CrossRef 51. Urowitz, (1997) J Rheumatol 24: pp. 1061 52. Vollenhoven RF van, Aranow C, Rovin BH et al (2014) A phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sirakumumab in patients with active lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 73 (Epub ahead of print) 53. Wallace, (2014) Ann Rheum Dis 73: pp. 183 CrossRef
刊物主题:Internal Medicine; Rheumatology;
出版者:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
ISSN:1435-1250
文摘
Background Improved understanding of the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has paved the way for new specific immune interventions for this inflammatory disease similar to those for rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritides. Methods New biologics were developed on this basis or are in the process of clinical development and open up new therapy options for patients. In this context belimumab is of particular importance. As an innovative biologic the monoclonal antibody against the cytokine BAFF/BLyS (belimumab) has been approved for the treatment of serologically active SLE. A number of other biologics against other cytokines are in the clinical development phase and appear to be promising for further improvement of the current therapeutic possibilities in SLE. This article addresses the current aspects of immune interventions with biologics for SLE and the specific challenges of this disease.