BackgroundRadical esophagectomy is the cornerstone of curative treatment for patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patient survival after surgery for ESCC is mainly associated with pathological tumor progression. Recently, the impact of baseline immune-nutritional status of various types of patients with cancer on survival has been highlighted. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the baseline prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and postoperative short- and long-term results after esophagectomy for patients with ESCC.