Soil properties under different orchard floor management systems for organic apple production
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- 作者：Roberto J. Zoppolo (1) (3)
Dario Stefanelli (2) (3)
George W. Bird (3)
Ronald L. Perry (3) - 关键词：Soil organic matter ; Swiss sandwich system ; Hay mulch ; Propane flaming ; C mineralization ; Soil food web
- 刊名：Organic Agriculture
- 出版年：2011
- 出版时间：November 2011
- 年：2011
- 卷：1
- 期：4
- 页码：231-246
- 全文大小：1315KB
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Dario Stefanelli (2) (3)
George W. Bird (3)
Ronald L. Perry (3)
1. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Las Brujas, Ruta 48 km-10, Canelones, 90200, Uruguay
3. Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
2. Department of Primary Industries, Knoxfield Centre, 621 Burwood Highway, Knoxfield, VIC, 3180, Australia
文摘
Orchard floor management impacts soil conditions and thus tree performance. This research was initiated to investigate the effects of alternative orchard floor management systems compatible with organic production on soil parameters using the “Pacific Gala-apple cultivar (Malus × domestica Borkh.) on three rootstocks of varying vigor. Alfalfa hay mulch, propane flame burner, and Swiss sandwich system (combination of resident vegetation and tilled strips) were compared from 2001 to 2005. These treatments were applied to tree rows which provided different vegetation-free areas. Contrasting additions of organic matter were evaluated for their effect on soil organic matter (SOM), C content, nitrate and ammonium availability, moisture, and soil food web through nematode populations. Laboratory incubations to determine C and N mineralization potentials were performed. During this time period, SOM increased under the mulched soil and slightly less under the Swiss sandwich system (SSS) but in this last case without external inputs. Carbon and N pools were not impacted by flame burning (FL) but were enhanced by alfalfa hay mulch (MU) and to a lesser extent by SSS. Nitrate-N content in soil under MU increased between five and ten times compared to SSS and FL. Total number of nematodes was higher for SSS and MU compared with FL treatment; however, SSS had the most structured soil food web, an important sustainability trait, while MU had the least.