giganteus cropping systems in the long term. This research version was then validated on a large database and in various pedoclimatic environments in France and UK. The model accurately simulated biomass production and nitrogen (N) content in aboveground biomass, from planting until 4 to 20 years of cultivation. The model efficiency (EF) was 0.80 and 0.64 for biomass and N content, respectively, and the values of relative RMSE were 23 and 31 %. Soil water and mineral N contents were also satisfactorily predicted (EF--.96 and 0.42; relative RMSE--0 and 72 %). The model accurately reproduced the effect of management practices on the harvested biomass and N export. Yield gap analysis using simulations with and without active stresses revealed that Miscanthus?×-em class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">giganteus biomass production was limited by both water and N availability during the establishment phase but mainly limited by water availability during the post-establishment phase. The STICS crop–soil model can accurately predict Miscanthus?×-em class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">giganteus biomass production and environmental impacts such as water drainage and nitrate leaching and compare strategies with varying N fertilization, irrigation and harvest date. Keywords Miscanthus Model STICS Nitrogen stress Water stress Yield gap" />