Macrophage Depletion Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: the Roles of Pro-fibrotic Factors, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress

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• 作者：Weihua Xiao ; Yu Liu ; Peijie Chen
• 关键词：KEY WORDSmacrophages ; skeletal muscle ; fibrosis ; pro ; fibrotic factors ; inflammation ; oxidative stress
• 刊名：Inflammation
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：39
• 期：6
• 页码：2016-2028
• 全文大小：1,548 KB
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  Rheumatology
  Internal Medicine
  Pharmacology and Toxicology
  Pathology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2576
• 卷排序：39

文摘

Muscle contusion is one of the most common muscle injuries in sports medicine. Macrophages play complex roles in the regeneration of skeletal muscle. However, the roles of macrophages, especially the mechanisms involved, in the regeneration of muscle contusion are still not fully understood. We hypothesize that the depletion of macrophages impairs skeletal muscle regeneration and that pro-fibrotic factors, inflammation, and oxidative stress may be involved in the process. To test these hypotheses, we constructed a muscle contusion injury and a macrophage depletion model and followed it up with morphological and gene expression analyses. The data showed that fibrotic scars were formed in the muscle of contusion injury, and they deteriorated in the mice of macrophage depletion. Furthermore, the sizes of regenerating myofibers were significantly reduced by macrophage depletion. Pro-fibrotic factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and oxidative stress-related enzymes increased significantly after muscle injury. Moreover, the expression of these factors was delayed by macrophage depletion. Most of them were still significantly higher in the later stage of regeneration. These results suggest that macrophage depletion impairs skeletal muscle regeneration and that pro-fibrotic factors, inflammation, and oxidative stress may play important roles in the process.