Spring frost vulnerability of sweet cherries under controlled conditions

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• 作者：Philipp Matzneller ; Klaus-P. Götz…
• 关键词：Sweet cherry ; ‘Summit’ Spring frost ; Critical temperatures ; Standardized method
• 刊名：International Journal of Biometeorology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：60
• 期：1
• 页码：123-130
• 全文大小：851 KB
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• 作者单位：Philipp Matzneller (1)
  Klaus-P. Götz (1)
  Frank-M. Chmielewski (1)
  
  1. Agricultural Climatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Animal Physiology
  Plant Physiology
  Environmental Medicine/Environmental Psychology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1254

文摘

Spring frost is a significant production hazard in nearly all temperate fruit-growing regions. Sweet cherries are among the first fruit varieties starting their development in spring and therefore highly susceptible to late frost. Temperatures at which injuries are likely to occur are widely published, but their origin and determination methods are not well documented. In this study, a standardized method was used to investigate critical frost temperatures for the sweet cherry cultivar ‘Summit’ under controlled conditions. Twigs were sampled at four development stages (“side green,” “green tip,” “open cluster,” “full bloom”) and subjected to three frost temperatures (−2.5, −5.0, −10.0 °C). The main advantage of this method, compared to other approaches, was that the exposition period and the time interval required to reach the target temperature were always constant (2 h). Furthermore, then, the twigs were placed in a climate chamber until full bloom, before the examination of the flowers and not further developed buds started. For the first two sampling stages (side green, green tip), the number of buds found in open cluster, “first white,” and full bloom at the evaluation date decreased with the strength of the frost treatment. The flower organs showed different levels of cold hardiness and became more vulnerable in more advanced development stages. In this paper, we developed four empirical functions which allow calculating possible frost damages on sweet cherry buds or flowers at the investigated development stages. These equations can help farmers to estimate possible frost damages on cherry buds due to frost events. However, it is necessary to validate the critical temperatures obtained in laboratory with some field observations.