Aquaculture as a vector for marine invasions in California

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• 作者：Edwin D. Grosholz ; R. Eliot Crafton ; Rachel E. Fontana…
• 关键词：Invasive ; Marine ; Aquaculture ; Vector ; Impacts ; California
• 刊名：Biological Invasions
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：May 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：17
• 期：5
• 页码：1471-1484
• 全文大小：715 KB
• 参考文献：1. Boyd, MJ, Mulligan, TJ, Shaughnessy, FJ (2002) Non-indigenous marine species of Humboldt Bay. California, Rep Cal Dept Fish Game
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Sciences
  Ecology
  Hydrobiology
  Zoology
  Forestry
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-1464

文摘

Although ballast water and hull fouling are widely recognized as important vectors for marine invasions, the risk posed by commercial aquaculture remains poorly quantified. To understand the importance of aquaculture as an invasion vector in California, we conducted an analysis of both current and historical introductions of marine and estuarine species associated with aquaculture using a comprehensive database (‘NEMESIS- and permitting records for species imported into California. Our results showed that 126 non-native species associated with commercial aquaculture have been reported from California waters and 106 of these have become established. The vast majority are unintentional introductions linked to historical importation practices of the aquaculture industry. To understand the consequences of these invasions, we reviewed the literature on the impacts of mollusk and algal species introduced into California via aquaculture. Of the few studies we found, the majority demonstrated negative impacts on native species. Finally and significantly, we found that changes in aquaculture importation practices over the past decade have resulted in most shellfish currently being imported as larvae or juveniles. Consequently, rates of unintentional introductions have been reduced. We cautiously conclude that current aquaculture importation in California represents a minor risk as a vector for introductions of NIS.