参考文献:1. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/219000. Accessed 23 May 2011 2. Slavotinek AM, Tifft CJ (2002) Fraser syndrome and cryptophthalmos: review of the diagnostic criteria and evidence for phenotypic modules in complex malformation syndromes. J Med Genet 39:6238211;633 3. van Haelst MM, Scambler PJ, Fraser Syndrome Collaboration Group, Hennekam RC (2007) Fraser syndrome: a clinical study of 59 cases and evaluation of diagnostic criteria. Am J Med Genet A 143A:31948211;3203 4. Impallomeni M, Subramanian D, Mahmood N, Joseph I (2006) Fraser syndrome in a 96-year-old female. Age Ageing 35:6428211;643 5. McGregor L, Makela V, Darling SM, Vrontou S, Chalepakis G, Roberts C, Smart N, Rutland P, Prescott N, Hopkins J, Bentley E, Shaw A, Roberts E, Mueller R, Jadeja S, Philip N, Nelson J, Francannet C, Perez-Aytes A, Megarbane A, Kerr B, Wainwright B, Woolf AS, Winter RM, Scambler PJ (2003) Fraser syndrome and mouse blebbed phenotype caused by mutations in FRAS1/Fras1 encoding a putative extracellular matrix protein. Nat Genet 34:2038211;208 6. Jadeja S, Smyth I, Pitera JE, Taylor MS, van Haelst M, Bentley E, McGregor L, Hopkins J, Chalepakis G, Philip N, Perez-Aytes A, Watt FM, Darling SM, Jackson I, Woolf AS, Scambler PJ (2005) Identification of a new gene mutated in Fraser syndrome and mouse myelencephalic blebs. Nat Genet 37:5208211;525 7. Vrontou S, Petrou P, Meyer BI, Galanopoulos VK, Imai K, Yanagi M, Chowdhury K, Scambler PJ, Chalepakis G (2003) Fras1 deficiency results in cryptophthalmos, renal agenesis and blebbed phenotype in mice. Nat Genet 34:2098211;214 8. Pitera JE, Scambler PJ, Woolf AS (2008) Fras1, a basement membrane-associated protein mutated in Fraser syndrome, mediates both the initiation of the mammalian kidney and the integrity of renal glomeruli. Hum Mol Genet 17:39538211;3964 9. Short K, Wiradjaja F, Smyth I (2007) Let's stick together: the role of the Fras1 and Frem proteins in epidermal adhesion. IUBMB Life 59:4278211;435 10. Pavlakis E, Chiotaki R, Chalepakis G (2011) The role of Fras1/Frem proteins in the structure and function of basement membrane. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:4878211;495 11. Takamiya K, Kostourou V, Adams S, Jadeja S, Chalepakis G, Scambler PJ, Huganir RL, Adams RH (2004) A direct functional link between the multi-PDZ domain protein GRIP1 and the Fraser syndrome protein Fras1. Nat Genet 36:1728211;177 12. Long J, Wei Z, Feng W, Yu C, Zhao YX, Zhang M (2008) Supramodular nature of GRIP1 revealed by the structure of its PDZ12 tandem in complex with the carboxyl tail of Fras1. J Mol Biol 375:14578211;1468 13. Kiyozumi D, Osada A, Sugimoto N, Weber CN, Ono Y, Imai T, Okada A, Sekiguchi K (2005) Identification of a novel cell-adhesive protein spatiotemporally expressed in the basement membrane of mouse developing hair follicle. Exp Cell Res 306:98211;23 14. Kiyozumi D, Sugimoto N, Sekiguchi K (2006) Breakdown of the reciprocal stabilization of QBRICK/Frem1, Fras1, and Frem2 at the basement membrane provokes Fraser syndrome-like defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:119818211;11986 15. Smyth I, Du X, Taylor MS, Justice MJ, Beutler B, Jackson IJ (2004) The extracellular matrix gene Frem1 is essential for the normal adhesion of the embryonic epidermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:135608211;13565 16. Alazami AM, Shaheen R, Alzahrani F, Snape K, Saggar A, Brinkmann B, Bavi P, Al-Gazali LI, Alkuraya FS (2009) FREM1 mutations cause bifid nose, renal agenesis, and anorectal malformations syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 85:4148211;418 17. Petrou P, Pavlakis E, Dalezios Y, Chalepakis G (2007) Basement membrane localization of Frem3 is independent of the Fras1/Frem1/Frem2 protein complex within the sublamina densa. Matrix Biol 26:6528211;658 18. Hou X, Mrug M, Yoder BK, Lefkowitz EJ, Kremmidiotis G, D'Eustachio P, Beier DR, Guay-Woodford LM (2002) Cystin, a novel cilia-associated protein, is disrupted in the cpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. J Clin Invest 109:5338211;540 19. Nakanishi K, Sweeney WE Jr, Zerres K, Guay-Woodford LM, Avner ED (2000) Proximal tubular cysts in fetal human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:7608211;763 20. Yuan H-T, Suri C, Landon DN, Yancopoulos GD, Woolf AS (2000) Angiopoietin-2 is a site specific factor in differentiation of mouse renal vasculature. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:10558211;1066 21. Chiu MG, Johnson TM, Woolf AS, Dahm-Vicker EM, Long DA, Guay-Woodford L, Hillman KA, Bawumia S, Venner K, Hughes RC, Poirier F, Winyard PJ (2006) Galectin-3 associates with the primary cilium and modulates cyst growth in congenital polycystic kidney disease. Am J Pathol 169:19258211;1938 22. Chan S-K, Riley PR, Price KL, McElduff F, Winyard PJ, Welham SJ, Woolf AS, Long DA (2010) Corticosteroid-induced kidney dysmorphogenesis is associated with deregulated expression of known cystogenic molecules, as well as indian hedgehog. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298:F3468211;F356 23. Welham SJM, Riley PR, Wade A, Hubank M, Woolf AS (2005) Maternal diet programs embryonic kidney gene expression. Physiol Genomics 22:488211;56 24. Woolf AS (2010) Environmental influences on renal tract development: a focus on maternal diet and the glucocorticoid hypothesis. Klin Padiatr [Suppl 1]:S10-S17 25. Lager DJ, Qian Q, Bengal RJ, Ishibashi M, Torres VE (2001) The pck rat: a new model that resembles human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney and liver disease. Kidney Int 59:1268211;136 26. Ward CJ, Hogan MC, Rossetti S, Walker D, Sneddon T, Wang X, Kubly V, Cunningham JM, Bacallao R, Ishibashi M, Milliner DS, Torres VE, Harris PC (2002) The gene mutated in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease encodes a large, receptor-like protein. Nat Genet 30:2598211;269 27. Hartman HA, Lai HL, Patterson LT (2007) Cessation of renal morphogenesis in mice. Dev Biol 310:3798211;387 28. Woolf AS, Pitera JE (2009) Embryology. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaudet P (eds) Pediatric nephrology, 6th edn. Springer SBM, Heidelberg, pp 38211;30 29. Hillman KA, Johnson TM, Winyard PJD, Burnstock G, Unwin RJ, Woolf AS (2002) P2X7 receptors are expressed during mouse nephrogenesis and in collecting duct cysts of the cpk/cpk mouse. Exp Nephrol 10:348211;42 30. Cullen-McEwen LA, Drago J, Bertram JF (2001) Nephron endowment in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) heterozygous mice. Kidney Int 60:318211;36 31. Saisawat P, Tasic V, Vega-Warner V, Kehinde EO, G眉nther B, Airik R, Innis JW, Hoskins BE, Hoefele J, Otto EA, Hildebrandt F (2012) Identification of two novel CAKUT-causing genes by massively parallel exon resequencing of candidate genes in patients with unilateral renal agenesis. Kidney Int 81:1968211;200 32. Plaisier E, Gribouval O, Alamowitch S, Mougenot B, Prost C, Verpont MC, Marro B, Desmettre T, Cohen SY, Roullet E, Dracon M, Fardeau M, Van Agtmael T, Kerjaschki D, Antignac C, Ronco P (2007) COL4A1 mutations and hereditary angiopathy, nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps. N Engl J Med 357:26878211;2695 33. Ostrom L, Tang MJ, Gruss P, Dressler GR (2000) Reduced Pax2 gene dosage increases apoptosis and slows the progression of renal cystic disease. Dev Biol 219:2508211;258 34. Carney TJ, Feitosa NM, Sonntag C, Slanchev K, Kluger J, Kiyozumi D, Gebauer JM, Coffin Talbot J, Kimmel CB, Sekiguchi K, Wagener R, Schwarz H, Ingham PW, Hammerschmidt M (2010) Genetic analysis of fin development in zebrafish identifies furin and hemicentin1 as potential novel Fraser syndrome disease genes. PLoS Genet 6:e1000907 35. Heikkil盲 E, Juhila J, Lassila M, Messing M, Per盲l盲 N, Lehtonen E, Lehtonen S, Sjef Verbeek J, Holthofer H (2010) β-Catenin mediates adriamycin-induced albuminuria and podocyte injury in adult mouse kidneys. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25:24378211;2446 36. Ronzaud C, Loffing J, Gretz N, Sch眉tz G, Berger S (2011) Inducible renal principal cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor gene inactivation in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300:F7568211;F760
作者单位:1. UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK2. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Birmingham Children鈥檚 Hospital, Birmingham, UK3. School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester and Manchester Children鈥檚 Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK4. Developmental and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
刊物类别:Medicine
刊物主题:Medicine & Public Health Pediatrics
出版者:Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN:1432-198X
文摘
Background Fraser syndrome (FS) features renal agenesis and cystic kidneys. Mutations of FRAS1 (Fraser syndrome 1) and FREM2 (FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 2) cause FS. They code for basement membrane proteins expressed in metanephric epithelia where they mediate epithelial/mesenchymal signalling. Little is known about whether and where these molecules are expressed in more mature kidneys.