The sugar code in neuronal physiology

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• 作者：Alonso M. Higuero ; Natalia Díez-Revuelta…
• 关键词：Galectin ; Glycosylation ; Neuron ; Axon ; Myelin ; Nervous system
• 刊名：Histochemistry and Cell Biology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：147
• 期：2
• 页码：257-267
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine, general; Cell Biology; Biochemistry, general; Developmental Biology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-119X
• 卷排序：147

文摘

Carbohydrate-related interactions are necessary for the correct development and function of the nervous system. As we illustrate with several examples, those interactions are controlled by carbohydrate-modifying enzymes and by carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate a plethora of complex axonal processes. Among others, glycan-related proteins as sialidase Neu3 or galectins-1, -3, and -4 play central roles in the determination of axonal fate, axon growth, guidance and regeneration, as well as in polarized axonal glycoprotein transport. In addition, myelination is also highly dependent on glycans, and the stabilization of myelin architecture requires the interaction of the myelin-associated glycoprotein (siglec-4) with gangliosides in the axonal membrane. The roles of glycans in neuroscience are far from being completely understood, though the cases presented here underscore the importance and potential of carbohydrates to establish with precision key molecular mechanisms of the physiology of the nervous system. New specific applications in diagnosis as well as the definition of new molecular targets to treat neurological diseases related to lectins and/or glycans are envisioned in the future.