History of childhood adversity is positively associated with ventral striatal dopamine responses to amphetamine

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作者：Lynn M. Oswald (1) (2)
Gary S. Wand (2) (3)
Hiroto Kuwabara (4)
Dean F. Wong (3) (4) (5) (6)
Shijun Zhu (1)
James R. Brasic (4)
关键词：Dopamine ; Positron emission tomography (PET) ; Human ; Amphetamine ; Childhood adversity ; Stress
刊名：Psychopharmacology
出版年：2014
出版时间：June 2014
年：2014
卷：231
期：12
页码：2417-2433
全文大小：
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作者单位：Lynn M. Oswald (1) (2)
Gary S. Wand (2) (3)
Hiroto Kuwabara (4)
Dean F. Wong (3) (4) (5) (6)
Shijun Zhu (1)
James R. Brasic (4)

1. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
2. Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
4. Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
5. Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
6. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
ISSN：1432-2072

文摘

Rationale Childhood exposure to severe or chronic trauma is an important risk factor for the later development of adult mental health problems, such as substance abuse. Even in nonclinical samples of healthy adults, persons with a history of significant childhood adversity seem to experience greater psychological distress than those without this history. Evidence from rodent studies suggests that early life stress may impair dopamine function in ways that increase risks for drug abuse. However, the degree to which these findings translate to other species remains unclear. Objectives This study was conducted to examine associations between childhood adversity and dopamine and subjective responses to amphetamine in humans. Methods Following intake assessment, 28 healthy male and female adults, aged 18-9?years, underwent two consecutive 90-min positron emission tomography studies with high specific activity [11C]raclopride. The first scan was preceded by intravenous saline; the second by amphetamine (AMPH 0.3?mg/kg). Results Consistent with prior literature, findings showed positive associations between childhood trauma and current levels of perceived stress. Moreover, greater number of traumatic events and higher levels of perceived stress were each associated with higher ventral striatal dopamine responses to AMPH. Findings of mediation analyses further showed that a portion of the relationship between childhood trauma and dopamine release may be mediated by perceived stress. Conclusions Overall, results are consistent with preclinical findings suggesting that early trauma may lead to enhanced sensitivity to psychostimulants and that this mechanism may underlie increased vulnerability for drug abuse.

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