刊名:Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
出版年:2013
出版时间:2013
年:2013
卷:130
期:1
页码:89-103
全文大小:319 KB
参考文献:1. Akintoye SO, Lam T, Shi S, Brahim J, Collins MT, Robey PG (2006) Skeletal site-specific characterization of orofacial and iliac crest human bone marrow stromal cells in same individuals. Bone 38:758-68 CrossRef 2. Bakopoulou A, Leyhausen G, Volk J, Tsiftsoglou A, Garefis P, Koidis P, Geurtsen W (2011) Comparative analysis of in vitro osteo/odontogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). Arch Oral Biol 56:709-21 doi:S0003-9969(10)00383-3 [pii] 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.008. 3. Bartold PM, Shi S, Gronthos S (2006) Stem cells and periodontal regeneration. Periodontol 2000 40:164-72 CrossRef 4. Battula VL, Bareiss PM, Treml S, Conrad S, Albert I, Hojak S, Abele H, Schewe B, Just L, Skutella T, Buhring HJ (2007) Human placenta and bone marrow derived MSC cultured in serum-free, b-FGF-containing medium express cell surface frizzled-9 and SSEA-4 and give rise to multilineage differentiation. Differentiation 75:279-91. doi:S0301-4681(09)60122-5 [pii] 5. Beertsen W, McCulloch CA, Sodek J (1997) The periodontal ligament: a unique, multifunctional connective tissue. Periodontol 2000 13:20-0 6. Bruder SP, Jaiswal N, Haynesworth SE (1997) Growth kinetics, self-renewal, and the osteogenic potential of purified human mesenchymal stem cells during extensive subcultivation and following cryopreservation. J Cell Biochem 64:278-94 CrossRef 7. Cobb CM (2006) Lasers in periodontics: a review of the literature. J Periodontol 77:545-64 CrossRef 8. Cordeiro MM, Dong Z, Kaneko T, Zhang Z, Miyazawa M, Shi S, Smith AJ, N?r JE (2008) Dental pulp tissue engineering with stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. J Endod 34:962-69 CrossRef 9. Coura GS, Garcez RC, de Aguiar CB, Alvarez-Silva M, Magini RS, Trentin AG (2008) Human periodontal ligament: a niche of neural crest stem cells. J Periodontal Res 43:531-36 CrossRef 10. Deans RJ, Moseley AB (2000) Mesenchymal stem cells: biology and potential clinical uses. Exp Hematol 28:875-84 CrossRef 11. Ding G, Liu Y, Wang W, Wei F, Liu D, Fan Z, An Y, Zhang C, Wang S (2010) Allogeneic periodontal ligament stem cell therapy for periodontitis in swine. Stem Cells 28:1829-838 stem.512" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef 12. Dissanayaka WL, Zhan X, Zhang C, Hargreaves KM, Jin L, Tong EH (2012) Coculture of dental pulp stem cells with endothelial cells enhances osteo-/odontogenic and angiogenic potential in vitro. J Endod 38:454-63. doi:S0099-2399(11)01457-9 [pii] 13. Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini F, Krause D, Deans R, Keating A, Prockop D, Horwitz E (2006) Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The international society for cellular therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 8:315-17 CrossRef 14. El-Sayed KM, Paris S, Becker S, Kassem N, Ungefroren H, F?ndrich F, Wiltfang J, D?rfer C (2012) Isolation and characterization of multipotent postnatal stem/progenitor cells from human alveolar bone proper. J Craniomaxillofac Surg [Epub ahead of print] 15. Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Paris S, Becker ST, Neuschl M, De Buhr W, Salzer S, Wulff A, Elrefai M, Darhous MS, El-Masry M, Wiltfang J, Dorfer CE (2012) Periodontal regeneration employing gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells: an animal study. J Clin Periodontol. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01904.x 16. Ferro F, Spelat R, Falini G, Gallelli A, D'Aurizio F, Puppato E, Pandolfi M, Beltrami AP, Cesselli D, Beltrami CA, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Curcio F (2011) Adipose tissue-derived stem cell in vitro differentiation in a three-dimensional dental bud structure. Am J Pathol 178:2299-310 doi:S0002-9440(11)00171-4 [pii] 17. Fournier BP, Ferre FC, Couty L, Lataillade JJ, Gourven M, Naveau A, Coulomb B, Lafont A, Gogly B (2010) Multipotent progenitor cells in gingival connective tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 16:2891-899 CrossRef 18. Friedenstein AJ, Deriglasova UF, Kulagina NN, Panasuk AF, Rudakowa SF, Luria EA, RuadkowIA (1974) Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method. Exp Hematol 2:83-2 19. Greco SJ, Liu K, Rameshwar P (2007) Functional similarities among genes regulated by OCT4 in human mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 25:3143-154. doi:2007-0351 [pii] 20. Gronthos S, Arthur A, Bartold PM, Shi S (2011) A method to isolate and culture expand human dental pulp stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 698:107-21 CrossRef 21. Gronthos S, Brahim J, Li W, Fisher LW, Cherman N, Boyde A, DenBesten P, Robey PG, Shi S (2002) Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells. J Dent Res 81:531-35 CrossRef 22. Gronthos S, Chen S, Wang CY, Robey PG, Shi S (2003a) Telomerase accelerates osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal stem cells by upregulation of CBFA1, osterix, and osteocalcin. J Bone Miner Res 18:716-22 CrossRef 23. Gronthos S, Mankani M, Brahim J, Robey PG, Shi S (2000) Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:13625-3630 CrossRef 24. Gronthos S, Zannettino AC (2008) A method to isolate and purify human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 449:45-7 doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-169-1_3 25. Gronthos S, Zannettino AC, Hay SJ, Shi S, Graves SE, Kortesidis A, Simmons PJ (2003b) Molecular and cellular characterisation of highly purified stromal stem cells derived from human bone marrow. J Cell Sci 116:1827-835 CrossRef 26. H?kkinen L, Uitto VJ, Larjava H (2000) Cell biology of gingival wound healing. Periodontol 24:127-52 CrossRef 27. Han J, Okada H, Takai H, Nakayama Y, Maeda T, Ogata Y (2009) Collection and culture of alveolar bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from older individuals. J Cell Biochem 107:1198-204 CrossRef 28. Hicok KC, Du Laney TV, Zhou YS, Halvorsen YD, Hitt DC, Cooper LF, Gimble JM (2004) Human adipose-derived adult stem cells produce osteoid in vivo. Tissue Eng 10:371-80 CrossRef 29. Hosoya A, Nakamura H, Ninomiya T, Hoshi K, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Takahashi M, Okabe T, Sahara N, Yamada H, Kasahara E, Ozawa H (2007) Hard tissue formation in subcutaneously transplanted rat dental pulp. J Dent Res 86:469-74 CrossRef 30. Huang GT, Gronthos S, Shi S (2009) Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues vs. those from other sources: their biology and role in regenerative medicine. J Dent Res 88:792-06. doi:88/9/792 [pii] 31. Iohara K, Zheng L, Ito M, Tomokiyo A, Matsushita K, Nakashima M (2006) Side population cells isolated from porcine dental pulp tissue with self-renewal and multipotency for dentinogenesis, chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, and neurogenesis. Stem Cells 24:2493-503 stemcells.2006-0161" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef 32. Ivanovski S, Haase HR, Bartold PM (2001) Expression of bone matrix protein mRNAs by primary and cloned cultures of the regenerative phenotype of human periodontal fibroblasts. J Dent Res 80:1665-671 CrossRef 33. Jing W, Wu L, Lin Y, Liu L, Tang W, Tian W (2008) Odontogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells for tooth regeneration: necessity, possibility, and strategy. Med Hypotheses 70:540-42 CrossRef 34. Kakudo N, Shimotsuma A, Miyake S, Kushida S, Kusumoto K (2008) Bone tissue engineering using human adipose-derived stem cells and honeycomb collagen scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 84:191-97 CrossRef 35. Kawaguchi H, Hirachi A, Hasegawa N, Iwata T, Hamaguchi H, Shiba H, Takata T, Kato Y, Kurihara H (2004) Enhancement of periodontal tissue regeneration by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Periodontol 75:1281-287 CrossRef 36. Kémoun P, Laurencin-Dalicieux S, Rue J, Farges JC, Gennero I, Conte-Auriol F, Briand-Mesange F, Gadelorge M, Arzate H, Narayanan AS, Brunel G, Salles JP (2007) Human dental follicle cells acquire cementoblast features under stimulation by BMP-2/-7 and enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) in vitro. Cell Tissue Res 329:283-94 CrossRef 37. Kerkis I, Kerkis A, Dozortsev D, Stukart-Parsons GC, Gomes Massironi SM, Pereira LV, Caplan AI, Cerruti HF (2006) Isolation and characterization of a population of immature dental pulp stem cells expressing OCT-4 and other embryonic stem cell markers. Cells Tissues Organs 184:105-16. doi:000099617 [pii] 38. Kim AC, Hammer GD (2007) Adrenocortical cells with stem/progenitor cell properties: recent advances. Mol Cell Endocrinol 265-66:10-6 CrossRef 39. Kopen GC, Prockop DJ, Phinney DG (1999) Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:10711-0716 CrossRef 40. Koyama N, Okubo Y, Nakao K, Bessho K (2009) Evaluation of pluripotency in human dental pulp cells. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:501-06 CrossRef 41. Kramer PR, Kramer SF, Puri J, Grogan D, Guan G (2009) Multipotent adult progenitor cells acquire periodontal ligament characteristics in vivo. Stem Cells Dev 18:67-5 CrossRef 42. Kuznetsov SA, Krebsbach PH, Satomura K, Kerr J, Riminucci M, Benayahu D, Robey PG (1997) Single-colony derived strains of human marrow stromal fibroblasts form bone after transplantation in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 12:1335-347 CrossRef 43. Larsen KH, Frederiksen CM, Burns JS, Abdallah BM, Kassem M (2010) Identifying a molecular phenotype for bone marrow stromal cells with in vivo bone-forming capacity. J Bone Miner Res 25:796-08 44. Lekic P, Rojas J, Birek C, Tenenbaum H, McCulloch CA (2001) Phenotypic comparison of periodontal ligament cells in vivo and in vitro. J Periodontal Res 36:71-9 CrossRef 45. Li ZY, Chen L, Liu L, Lin YF, Li SW, Tian WD (2007) Odontogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65:494-00 CrossRef 46. Liu Y, Zheng Y, Ding G, Fang D, Zhang C, Bartold PM, Gronthos S, Shi S, Wang S (2008a) Periodontal ligament stem cell-mediated treatment for periodontitis in miniature swine. Stem Cells 26:1065-073 stemcells.2007-0734" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef 47. Liu Y, Zheng Y, Ding G, Fang DJ, Zhang CM, Bartold PM, Gronthos S, Shi ST, Wang SL (2008b) Periodontal ligament stem cell-mediated treatment for periodontitis in miniature swine. Stem Cells 26:1065-073 doi:DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0734 48. Luan X, Ito Y, Dangaria S, Diekwisch TG (2006) Dental follicle progenitor cell heterogeneity in the developing mouse periodontium. Stem Cells Dev 15:595-08 CrossRef 49. Makino S, Fukuda K, Miyoshi S, Konishi F, Kodama H, Pan J, Sano M, Takahashi T, Hori S, Abe H, Hata J, Umezawa A, Ogawa S (1999) Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 103:697-05 CrossRef 50. Marynka-Kalmani K, Treves S, Yafee M, Rachima H, Gafni Y, Cohen MA, Pitaru S (2010) The lamina propria of adult human oral mucosa harbors a novel stem cell population. Stem Cells 28:984-95 51. Matsubara T, Suardita K, Ishii M, Sugiyama M, Igarashi A, Oda R, Nishimura M, Saito M, Nakagawa K, Yamanaka K, Miyazaki K, Shimizu M, Bhawal UK, Tsuji K, Nakamura K, Kato Y (2005) Alveolar bone marrow as a cell source for regenerative medicine: differences between alveolar and iliac bone marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 20:399-09 CrossRef 52. Mitrano TI, Grob MS, Carrión F, Nova-Lamperti E, Luz PA, Fierro FS, Quintero A, Chaparro A, Sanz A (2010) Culture and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human gingival tissue. J Periodontol 81:917-25 CrossRef 53. Miura M, Gronthos S, Zhao M, Lu B, Fisher LW, Robey PG, Shi S (2003) SHED: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:5807-812 CrossRef 54. Mohamadreza BE, Khorsand A, Arabsolghar M, Paknejad M, Ghaedi B, Rokn AR, Moslemi N, Nazarian H, Jahangir S (2012) Autologous Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regeneration of Defect Created in Canine Periodontal Tissue. J Oral Implantol. doi:10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-12-00027.1 55. Morsczeck C, G?tz W, Schierholz J, Zeilhofer F, Kühn U, M?hl C, Sippel C, Hoffmann KH (2005) Isolation of precursor cells (PCs) from human dental follicle of wisdom teeth. Matrix Biol 24:155-65 CrossRef 56. Morsczeck C, Schmalz G, Reichert TE, V?llner F, Galler K, Driemel O (2008) Somatic stem cells for regenerative dentistry. Clin Oral Investig 12:113-18 CrossRef 57. Morsczeck C, V?llner F, Saugspier M, Brandl C, Reichert TE, Driemel O, Schmalz G (2010) Comparison of human dental follicle cells (DFCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) after neural differentiation in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 14:433-40 CrossRef 58. Murakami Y, Kojima T, Nagasawa T, Kobayashi H, Ishikawa I (2003) Novel isolation of alkaline phosphatase-positive subpopulation from periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontol 74:780-86 CrossRef 59. Murray PE, About I, Franquin JC, Remusat M, Smith AJ (2001) Restorative pulpal and repair responses. J Am Dent Assoc 132:482-91 CrossRef 60. Nagatomo K, Komaki M, Sekiya I, Sakaguchi Y, Noguchi K, Oda S, Muneta T, Ishikawa I (2006) Stem cell properties of human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 41:303-10 CrossRef 61. Ohazama A, Modino SA, Miletich I, Sharpe PT (2004) Stem-cell-based tissue engineering of murine teeth. J Dent Res 83:518-22 CrossRef 62. Orciani M, Trubiani O, Vignini A, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Di Primio R, Salvolini E (2009) Nitric oxide production during the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Histochem 111:15-4 CrossRef 63. Otaki S, Ueshima S, Shiraishi K, Sugiyama K, Hamada S, Yorimoto M, Matsuo O (2007) Mesenchymal progenitor cells in adult human dental pulp and their ability to form bone when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Cell Biol Int 31:1191-197 cellbi.2007.04.001" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef 64. Papaccio G, Graziano A, d’Aquino R, Graziano MF, Pirozzi G, Menditti D, De Rosa A, Carinci F, Laino G (2006) Long-term cryopreservation of dental pulp stem cells (SBP-DPSCs) and their differentiated osteoblasts: a cell source for tissue repair. J Cell Physiol 208:319-25 CrossRef 65. Peng L, Ye L, Zhou XD (2009) Mesenchymal stem cells and tooth engineering. Int J Oral Sci 1:6-2 doi:10.4248/ijos.08032 66. Pereira RF, O’Hara MD, Laptev AV, Halford KW, Pollard MD, Class R, Simon D, Livezey K, Prockop DJ (1998) Marrow stromal cells as a source of progenitor cells for nonhematopoietic tissues in transgenic mice with a phenotype of osteogenesis imperfecta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:1142-147 CrossRef 67. Phipps RP, Borrello MA, Blieden TM (1997) Fibroblast heterogeneity in the periodontium and other tissues. J Periodontal Res 32:159-65 CrossRef 68. Pitaru S, McCulloch CA, Narayanan SA (1994) Cellular origins and differentiation control mechanisms during periodontal development and wound healing. J Periodontal Res 29:81-4 CrossRef 69. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR (1999) Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284:143-47 CrossRef 70. Schor SL, Ellis I, Irwin CR, Banyard J, Seneviratne K, Dolman C, Gilbert AD, Chisholm DM (1996) Subpopulations of fetal-like gingival fibroblasts: characterisation and potential significance for wound healing and the progression of periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2:155-66 CrossRef 71. Sempowski GD, Borrello MA, Blieden TM, Barth RK, Phipps RP (1995) Fibroblast heterogeneity in the healing wound. Wound Repair Regen 3:120-31 CrossRef 72. Seo BM, Miura M, Gronthos S, Bartold PM, Batouli S, Brahim J, Young M, Robey PG, Wang CY, Shi S (2004) Investigation of multipotent postnatal stem cells from human periodontal ligament. Lancet 364:149-55 CrossRef 73. Seo BM, Miura M, Sonoyama W, Coppe C, Stanyon R, Shi S (2005) Recovery of stem cells from cryopreserved periodontal ligament. J Dent Res 84:907-12 CrossRef 74. Shi S, Gronthos S (2003) Perivascular niche of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells in human bone marrow and dental pulp. J Bone Miner Res 18:696-04 CrossRef 75. Shi S, Robey PG, Gronthos S (2001) Comparison of human dental pulp and bone marrow stromal stem cells by cDNA microarray analysis. Bone 29:532-39 CrossRef 76. Simmons PJ, Torok-Storb B (1991) Identification of stromal cell precursors in human bone marrow by a novel monoclonal antibody, STRO-1. Blood 78:55-2 77. Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Fang D, Yamaza T, Seo BM, Zhang C, Liu H, Gronthos S, Wang CY, Wang S, Shi S (2006) Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration in swine. PLoS One 1:e79 CrossRef 78. Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Yamaza T, Tuan RS, Wang S, Shi S, Huang GT (2008) Characterization of the apical papilla and its residing stem cells from human immature permanent teeth: a pilot study. J Endod 34:166-71 CrossRef 79. Tomar GB, Srivastava RK, Gupta N, Barhanpurkar AP, Pote ST, Jhaveri HM, Mishra GC, Wani MR (2010) Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells are superior to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 393:377-83 CrossRef 80. Tsutsumi S, Shimazu A, Miyazaki K, Pan H, Koike C, Yoshida E, Takagishi K, Kato Y (2001) Retention of multilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells during proliferation in response to FGF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 288:413-19 CrossRef 81. Wang L, Shen H, Zheng W, Tang L, Yang Z, Gao Y, Yang Q, Wang C, Duan Y, Jin Y (2011) Characterization of stem cells from alveolar periodontal ligament. Tissue Eng Part A 17:1015-026 CrossRef 82. Widera D, Zander C, Heidbreder M, Kasperek Y, Noll T, Seitz O, Saldamli B, Sudhoff H, Sader R, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B (2009) Adult palatum as a novel source of neural crest-related stem cells. Stem Cells 27:1899-910 stem.104" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef 83. Wu L, Zhu F, Wu Y, Lin Y, Nie X, Jing W, Qiao J, Liu L, Tang W, Zheng X, Tian W (2008) Dentin sialophosphoprotein-promoted mineralization and expression of odontogenic genes in adipose-derived stromal cells. Cells Tissues Organs 187:103-12 CrossRef 84. Xu J, Wang W, Kapila Y, Lotz J, Kapila S (2009) Multiple differentiation capacity of STRO-1?+/CD146?+?PDL mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 18:487-96 CrossRef 85. Yang ZH, Zhang XJ, Dang NN, Ma ZF, Xu L, Wu JJ, Sun YJ, Duan YZ, Lin Z, Jin Y (2009) Apical tooth germ cell-conditioned medium enhances the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into cementum/periodontal ligament-like tissues. J Periodontal Res 44:199-10 CrossRef 86. Yao S, Pan F, Prpic V, Wise GE (2008) Differentiation of stem cells in the dental follicle. J Dent Res 87:767-71 CrossRef 87. Yokoi T, Saito M, Kiyono T, Iseki S, Kosaka K, Nishida E, Tsubakimoto T, Harada H, Eto K, Noguchi T, Teranaka T (2007) Establishment of immortalized dental follicle cells for generating periodontal ligament in vivo. Cell Tissue Res 327:301-11 CrossRef 88. Zhang Q, Shi S, Liu Y, Uyanne J, Shi Y, Shi S, Le AD (2009) Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingiva are capable of immunomodulatory functions and ameliorate inflammation-related tissue destruction in experimental colitis. J Immunol 183:7787-798 CrossRef 89. Zhang W, Walboomers XF, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF, Bian Z, Jansen JA (2006) The performance of human dental pulp stem cells on different three-dimensional scaffold materials. Biomaterials 27:5658-668 CrossRef 90. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH (2002) Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell 13:4279-295. doi:DOI 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0105 91. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, Huang J, Futrell JW, Katz AJ, Benhaim P, Lorenz HP, Hedrick MH (2001) Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng 7:211-28 doi:10.1089/107632701300062859
作者单位:K. M. Fawzy El-Sayed (19) (22) C. D?rfer (19) F. F?ndrich (20) F. Gieseler (21) M. H. Moustafa (22) H. Ungefroren (20) (21)
19. Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Strasse 3 Hs. 26, 24105, Kiel, Germany 22. Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, 1 Mathaf el Manial Street, Giza, Egypt 20. Clinic for Applied Cellular Medicine, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Strasse 3, Hs. 18, 24105, Kiel, Germany 21. First Department of Medicine, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany