Update Typ-2-Diabetes anhand ausgew?hlter aktueller Publikationen

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• 作者：Prof. Dr. M. Kellerer (1)
  
• 关键词：Typ ; 2 ; Diabetes ; Insulintherapie ; Glitazone ; Inkretine ; Therapieziel ; Type ; 2 diabetes ; Insulin therapy ; Glitazone ; Incretins ; Therapeutic goal
• 刊名：Der Diabetologe
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：May 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：5
• 期：3
• 页码：177-189
• 全文大小：563KB
• 参考文献：1. Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (2007) Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 447(7145):661-78 CrossRef
  2. Scott LJ, Mohlke KL, Bonnycastle LL et al (2007) A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants. Science 316(5829):1341-345 CrossRef
  3. Diabetes Genetics Initiative of Broad Institute of Harvard, MIT, Lund University, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research et al (2007) Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels. Science 316(5829):1331-336 CrossRef
  4. Zeggini E, Weedon MN, Lindgren CM et al (2007) Replication of genome-wide association signals in UK samples reveals risk loci for type 2 diabetes. Science 316(5829):1336-341 CrossRef
  5. Lyssenko V, Jonsson A, Almgren P et al (2008) Clinical risk factors, DNA variants, and the development of type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359(21):2220-232 CrossRef
  6. P, Sullivan LM, McAteer JB et al (2008) Genotype score in addition to common risk factors for prediction of type 2 diabetes. Meigs JB, Shrader. N Engl J Med 359(21):2208-219 CrossRef
  7. Menge BA, Tannapfel A, Belyaev O et al (2008) Partial pancreatectomy in adult humans does not provoke beta-cell regeneration. Diabetes 57(1):142-49 CrossRef
  8. Matthaei S, Bierwirth R, Fritsche A et al (2009) Medikament?se antihyperglyk?mische Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Oktober 2008. Diabetologie Stoffw 4:32-4 CrossRef
  9. Richter B, Bandeira-Echtler E, Bergerhoff K, Lerch CL (2008) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD006739
  10. Nauck MA, Homberger E, Siegel EG et al (1986) Incretin effects of increasing glucose loads in man calculated from venous insulin and C-peptide responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63(2):492-98 CrossRef
  11. Nauck M, St?ckmann F, Ebert R, Creutzfeldt W (1986) Reduced incretin effect in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 29(1):46-2 CrossRef
  12. Toft-Nielsen MB, Damholt MB, Madsbad S et al (2001) Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(8):3717-723 CrossRef
  13. Vilsb?ll T, Krarup T, Deacon CF et al (2001) Reduced postprandial concentrations of intact biologically active glucagon-like peptide 1 in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 50(3):609-13 CrossRef
  14. Orskov C, Jeppesen J, Madsbad S, Holst JJ (1991) Proglucagon products in plasma of noninsulin-dependent diabetics and nondiabetic controls in the fasting state and after oral glucose and intravenous arginine. J Clin Invest 87(2):415-23 CrossRef
  15. Vollmer K, Holst JJ, Baller B (2008) Predictors of incretin concentrations in subjects with normal, impaired, and diabetic glucose tolerance. Diabetes 57(3):678-87 CrossRef
  16. Drucker DJ, Buse JB, Taylor K et al (2008) DURATION-1 Study Group. Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study. Lancet 372(9645):1240-250 CrossRef
  17. Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R et al (2008) for the LEAD-3 (Mono) Study Group. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet 373:473-81 CrossRef
  18. Nissen SE, Wolski K et al (2007) Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 356(24):2457-471 CrossRef
  19. Psaty BM, Furberg CD et al (2007) The record on rosiglitazone and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 357(1):67-9 CrossRef
  20. Lipscombe LL, Gomes T, Lévesque LE et al (2007) Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular outcomes in older patients with diabetes. JAMA 298(22):2634-643 CrossRef
  21. Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE (2007) Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA 298(10):1180-188 CrossRef
  22. Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD (2007) Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis. JAMA 298(10):1189-195 CrossRef
  23. Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H et al (2007) Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes--an interim analysis. N Engl J Med 357(1):28-8 CrossRef
  24. Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA et al (2006) Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med 355(23):2427-443 CrossRef
  25. Kahn SE, Zinman B, Lachin JM et al (2008) Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes: an Analysis from A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT). Diabetes Care 31(5):845-451 CrossRef
  26. Meier C, Kraenzlin ME, Bodmer M et al (2008) Use of thiazolidinediones and fracture risk. Arch Intern Med 168(8):820-25 CrossRef
  27. Grey A (2008) Thiazolidinedione-induced skeletal fragility -mechanisms and implications. Diabetes Obes Metab 29 [Epub ahead of print]
  28. Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Wolski K et al (2008) Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299(13):1561-573 CrossRef
  29. Holman RR, Thorne KI, Farmer AJ et al (2007) Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 357(17):1716-730 CrossRef
  30. Bretzel RG, Nuber U, Landgraf W et al (2008) Once-daily basal insulin glargine versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro in people with type 2 diabetes on oral hypoglycaemic agents (APOLLO): an open randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371(9618):1073-084 CrossRef
  31. Weng J, Li Y, Xu W et al (2008) Effect of intensive insulin therapy on beta-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a multicentre randomised parallel-group trial. Lancet 371(9626):1753-760. 57 CrossRef
  32. Chen HS, Wu TE, Jap TS et al (2008) Beneficial effects of insulin on glycemic control and beta-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with severe hyperglycemia after short-term intensive insulin therapy. Diabetes Care 31(10):1927-932 CrossRef
  33. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME et al (2008) Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358(24):2545-559 CrossRef
  34. ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S et al (2008) Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358(24):2560-572 CrossRef
  35. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al (2009) The VADT Investigators. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 360(2):129-39 CrossRef
  36. Dluhy RG, McMahon GT (2008) Intensive glycemic control in the ACCORD and ADVANCE trials. N Engl J Med 358(24):2630-633 CrossRef
  37. Hirsch IB (2008) Piecing the puzzle together: ACCORDing to whom? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(4):1161-163 CrossRef
  38. Goodarzi MO, Psaty BM (2008) Glucose lowering to control macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: treating the wrong surrogate end point? JAMA 300(17):2051-053 CrossRef
  39. Peterson ED, Wang TY (2008) The great debate of 2008–how low to go in preventive cardiology? JAMA 299(14):1718-720 CrossRef
  40. Stellungnahme der DDG zu den Ergebnissen der ACCORD und ADVANCE-Studie. http://www.deutsche-diabetes-gesellschaft.de/redaktion/news/ACCORD_ADVANCE_DDG_Stellungnahme_2008_07_09.pdf, 2008
  41. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA et al (2008) 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359(15):1577-589 CrossRef
  42. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA et al (2008) Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359(15):1565-576 CrossRef
  43. Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO et al (2009) American Diabetes Association; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. Diabetes Care 32(1):187-92 CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Prof. Dr. M. Kellerer (1)
  
  1. Zentrum für Innere Medizin I, Marienhospital Stuttgart, B?heimstr. 37, 70199, Stuttgart, Deutschland
  

文摘

The incidence of type-2 diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide. In addition to changing lifestyle factors, genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes. In recent years a number of important type-2 diabetes genes have been identified and characterized. Therapeutically, the spectrum of antidiabetic compounds has been extended by new substance groups such as incretin mimetics and DPP-IV inhibitors. Successfull diabetes therapy includes good glycemic control, low hypoglycemia rate, absence of weight gain and good quality of life. Other cardiovascular risk factors like dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension also need to be considered and effectively treated. In general, we can expect good glycemic control to have positive effects on the micro- and macrovascular systems in both medium and long term.