Plasmodium falciparum malaria and invasive bacterial co-infection in young African children: the dysfunctional spleen hypothesis

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Gloria P Gómez-Pérez ; Robin van Bruggen ; Martin P Grobusch…
• 关键词：Plasmodium ; Malaria ; Invasive bacterial infection ; Children ; Marginal zone B cells ; Hyposplenism ; Spleen
• 刊名：Malaria Journal
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：13
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2,437 KB
• 参考文献：1. Ogilvie, C, Evans, C Splenomegaly. In: Ogilvie, C, Evans, C eds. (1987) Chamberlaine’s Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine. EBLS, Brucks, Butterworth
  2. Doolan, DL (2002) Malaria Methods and Protocols. Humana Press Inc, Totowa, New Yersey
  3. Weill, JC, Weller, S, Reynaud, CA (2009) Human marginal zone B cells. Annu Rev Immunol 27: pp. 267-285
  4. Weller, S, Mamani-Matsuda, M, Picard, C, Cordier, C, Lecoeuche, D, Gauthier, F, Weill, JC, Reynaud, CA (2008) Somatic diversification in the absence of antigen-driven responses is the hallmark of the IgM-?IgD-?CD27+ B cell repertoire in infants. J Exp Med 205: pp. 1331-1342
  5. Timens, W, Boes, A, Rozeboom-Uiterwijk, T, Poppema, S (1989) Immaturity of the human splenic marginal zone in infancy. Possible contribution to the deficient infant immune response. J Immunol 143: pp. 3200-3206
  6. Bowdler, A (2002) The Complete Spleen: Structure, Function and Clinical Disorders. Humana Press, New Yersey
  7. Zandvoort, A, Timens, W (2002) The dual function of the splenic marginal zone: essential for initiation of anti-TI-2 responses but also vital in the general first-line defense against blood-borne antigens. Clin Exp Immunol 130: pp. 4-11
  8. Martin, F, Oliver, AM, Kearney, JF (2001) Marginal zone and B1 B cells unite in the early response against T-independent blood-borne particulate antigens. Immunity 14: pp. 617-629
  9. Magri, G, Miyajima, M, Bascones, S, Mortha, A, Puga, I, Cassis, L, Barra, CM, Comerma, L, Chudnovskiy, A, Gentile, M, Llige, D, Cols, M, Serrano, S, Arostegui, JI, Juan, M, Yague, J, Merad, M, Fagarasan, S, Cerutti, A (2014) Innate lymphoid cells integrate stromal and immunological signals to enhance antibody production by splenic marginal zone B cells. Nat Immunol 15: pp. 354-364
  10. Mebius, RE, Kraal, G (2005) Structure and function of the spleen. Nat Rev Immunol 5: pp. 606-616
  11. Lammers, AJ, de Porto, AP, Bennink, RJ, van Leeuwen, EM, Biemond, BJ, Goslings, JC, van Marle, J, ten Berge, IJ, Speelman, P, Hoekstra, JB (2012) Hyposplenism: comparison of different methods for determining splenic function. Am J Hematol 87: pp. 484-489
  12. Krucken, J, Mehnert, LI, Dkhil, MA, El-Khadragy, M, Benten, WP, Mossmann, H, Wunderlich, F (2005) Massive destruction of malaria-parasitized red blood cells despite spleen closure. Infect Immun 73: pp. 6390-6398
  13. Cerutti, A, Cols, M, Puga, I (2013) Marginal zone B cells: virtues of innate-like antibody-producing lymphocytes. Nat Rev Immunol 13: pp. 118-132
  14. Barral, P, Sanchez-Nino, MD, van Rooijen, N, Cerundolo, V, Batista, FD (2012) The location of splenic NKT cells favours their rapid activation by blood-borne antigen. EMBO J 31: pp. 2378-2390
  15. Steiniger, B, Barth, P, Hellinger, A (2001) The perifollicular and marginal zones of the human splenic white pulp : do fibroblasts guide lymphocyte immigration?. Am J Pathol 159: pp. 501-512
  16. Puga, I, Cols, M, Barra, CM, He, B, Cassis, L, Gentile, M, Comerma, L, Chorny, A, Shan, M, Xu, W, Magri, G, Knowles, DM, Tam, W, Chiu, A, Bussel, JB, Serrano, S, Lorente, JA, Bellosillo, B, Lloreta, J, Juanpere, N, Alameda, F, Baro, T, de Heredia, CD, Toran, N, Catala, A, Torrebadell, M, Fortuny, C, Cusi, V, Carreras, C, Diaz, GA (2012) B cell-helper neutrophils stimulate the diversification and production of immunoglobulin in the marginal zone of the spleen. Nat Immunol 13: pp. 170-180
  17. Henry, K, Symmers, WSC (1992) Thymus, Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Lymphatics. Sytemic Pathology. Churchill Livingstone, New York
  18. Buffet, PA, Safeukui, I, Deplaine, G, Brousse, V, Prendki, V, Thellier, M, Turner, GD, Mercereau-Puijalon, O (2011) The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans: insights from splenic physiology. Blood 117: pp. 381-392
  19. Kraal, G, Mebius, R (2006) New insights into the cell biology of the marginal zone of the spleen. Int Rev Cytol 250: pp. 175-215
  20. Weiss, L (1990) The spleen in malaria: the role of barrier cells. Immunol Lett 25: pp. 165-172
  21. Schwarzer, E, Turrini, F, Ulliers, D, Giribaldi, G, Ginsburg, H, Arese, P (1992) Impairment of macrophage functions after ingestion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes or isolated malarial pigment. J Exp Med 176: pp. 1033-1041
  22. Cunnington, AJ, de Souza, JB, Walther, M, Riley, EM (2012) Malaria impairs resistance to Salmonella through heme- and heme oxygenase-dependent dysfunctional granulocyte mobilization. Nat Med 18: pp. 120-127
  23. Urban, BC, Roberts, DJ (2002) Malaria, monocytes, macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells: sticking of infected erythrocytes switches off host cells. Curr Opin Immunol 14: pp. 458-465
  24. Weiss, GE, Crompton, PD, Li, S, Walsh, LA, Moir, S, Traore, B, Kayentao, K, Ongoiba, A, Doumbo, OK, Pierce, SK (2009) Atypical memory B cells are greatly expanded in individuals living in a malaria-endemic area. J Immunol 183: pp. 2176-218
• 刊物主题：Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1475-2875

文摘

Children with recent or acute malaria episodes are at increased risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI). However, the exact nature of the malaria-IBI association is still unclear. Young children have an age-related spleen immunologic immaturity, mainly due to the still ongoing development of the marginal zone (MZ) B cell subset. By mounting a rapid antibody response against encapsulated bacteria, these cells are critical for the defence against highly pathogenic microorganisms that do not elicit classical T cell-dependent responses. There is increasing evidence that the anatomy of the spleen becomes disorganized during malaria infection, with complete dissolution of the MZ and apoptosis of MZ B cells. Correspondingly, a reduction in the frequency of the peripheral equivalent of the MZ B cells has been found in malaria endemic areas. A remarkable similarity exists in IBI susceptibility between African children with malaria and hyposplenic or splenectomized patients. However, studies specifically assessing the immune function of the spleen in controlling bacterial infections in young children with malaria are scarce. Here, it is hypothesized that Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection constitutes a detrimental factor in the still immature spleen function of young children, resulting in a factually hyposplenic state during malaria episodes, putting children with malaria at a high risk to develop life-threatening bacterial infections. Studies to confirm or reject this hypothesis are greatly needed, as well as the development of affordable and feasible tools to assess the immune spleen function against encapsulated bacteria in children with malaria.