Molecular mechanisms of formation of drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: History and prospects

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• 作者：I. N. Bodoev ; E. N. Il’ina
• 关键词：Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; gonorrhea ; genetic determinants ; resistance ; antibiotic therapy ; antimicrobials
• 刊名：Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：July 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：30
• 期：3
• 页码：132-140
• 全文大小：186 KB
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• 作者单位：I. N. Bodoev (1)
  E. N. Il’ina (1)
  
  1. Scientific Research Institute of Physical Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Laboratory for Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Moscow, 119435, Russia
  
• 刊物主题：Microbiology; Molecular Medicine;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1934-841X

文摘

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) is a strict human pathogen that causes gonorrhea—an infectious disease the origin of which dates back more than 2000 years. Due to the unique plasticity of their genetic material, these bacteria have acquired the capacity to adapt to the host immune system and cause repeated infections, as well as withstand antimicrobials. Since the 1930s, against the background of the introduction of chemical antibiotic therapy, gonococcus has developed resistance to almost all drugs used in the treatment of gonorrhea. It is important to note that the known resistance determinants of N. gonorrhoeae are located both on the plasmid and in the chromosome and were acquired through horizontal gene transfer and spontaneous and recombination mutagenesis. Unfortunately, after the introduction of each new antibiotic in the scheme of gonorrhea treatment, gonococcus became resistant in about two decades and replaced a sensitive bacterial population. Currently, ceftriaxone is the last remaining antibiotic for first-line treatment of gonorrhea. However, the first gonococcus displaying high-level resistance to this drug was isolated in Japan a few years ago. In other words, in the near future, gonorrhea may become untreatable. The present review considers and discusses the chronology of the replacement of antigonorrhea drugs (antibiotics), the evolution of the formation of gonococcal resistance, and future prospects. Keywords Neisseria gonorrhoeae gonorrhea genetic determinants resistance antibiotic therapy antimicrobials