Candidatus Phytoplasma-are associated with grapevine yellows (GY) diseases worldwide. In Euro-Mediterranean viticultural areas, GY are most frequently caused by Bois Noir (BN) and Flavescence Dorée (FD) phytoplasmas. Surveys of GY in Croatia have been conducted regularly since 1997. BN phytoplasmas have been found to be widespread, while FD phytoplasmas were recently discovered in restricted areas of the country. The aim of this study was to assess the variability of genotypes involved in GY pathosystems by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. Grapevine, weed and insect vector samples were collected from three locations. Species-specific stamp and vmp1 genes, together with house-keeping genes tuf and secY, were amplified from BN strains. In FD strains, the genes secY, map and uvrB-degV were analyzed. MLST revealed a diversity of BN genotypes, one of which was prevalent and identified in samples of grapevine and the insect vector Hyalesthes obsoletus, corroborating their affiliation to the same pathosystem. Distinct BN strains found in bindweed and two grapevine samples indicated the presence of different BN pathosystems involving a yet unidentified vector, possibly from the genus Reptalus. Moreover, a co-occurence of BN and FD phytoplasma in the same vineyard was identified. The genotyping of FD strains from both grapevine and Scaphoideus titanus showed the presence of at least two distinct FD genotypes at two different locations, suggesting separate introductions of the disease into the country. In this study, MLST proved to be a useful and informative tool in advancing the understanding of GY epidemiology in Croatia." />
A case study of FD and BN phytoplasma variability in Croatia: multigene sequence analysis approach
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  • 作者：Jelena Plavec ; Ivana Kri?anac ; ?eljko Budin??ak…
  • 关键词：Bindweed ; ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani-/li> FD phytoplasma ; Molecular epidemiology ; MLST ; Stolbur
  • 刊名：European Journal of Plant Pathology
  • 出版年：2015
  • 出版时间：July 2015
  • 年：2015
  • 卷：142
  • 期：3
  • 页码：591-601
  • 全文大小：397 KB
  • 参考文献：Angelini, E., Squizzato, F., Lucchetta, G., & Borgo, M. (2004). Detection of a phytoplasma associated with grapevine Flavescence dorée in Clematis vitalba. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110, 193-01.View Article
    Arnaud, G., Malembic-Maher, S., Salar, P., Bonnet, P., Maixner, M., Marcone, C., et al. (2007). Multilocus sequence typing confirms the close genetic interrelatedness of three distinct flavescence dorée phytoplasma strain clusters and group 16SrV phytoplasmas infecting grapevine and alder in Europe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 4001-010.View Article PubMed Central PubMed
    Aryan, A., Brader, G., M?rtel, J., Pastar, M., & Riedle-Bauer, M. (2014). An abundant -em class="EmphasisTypeItalic">Candidatus Phytoplasma solani-tuf b strain is associated with grapevine, stinging nettle and Hyalesthes obsoletus. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 140, 213-27.View Article PubMed Central PubMed
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    Cimerman, A., Pacifico, D., Salar, P., Marzachì, C., & Foissac, X. (2009). The striking diversity of vmp1, a gene encoding a variable putative membrane protein of the Stolbur phytoplasma. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75, 2951-957.View Article PubMed Central PubMed
    Cvrkovi?, T., Jovi?, J., Mitrovi?, M., Krsti?, O., & To?evski, I. (2014). Experimental and molecular evidence of Reptalus panzeri as a natural vector of bois noir. Plant Pathology, 63, 42-3.View Article
    Danet, J. L., Balakishiyeva, G., Cimerman, A., Sauvion, N., Marie-Jeanne, V., Labonne, G., et al. (2011). Multilocus sequence analysis reveals the genetic diversity of European fruit tree phytoplasmas and supports the existence of inter-species recombination. Microbiology, 157, 438-0.View Article PubMed
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    EPPO (2014). PQR - EPPO database on quarantine pests (available online). http://?www.?eppo.?int
    Fabre, A., Danet, J. L., & Foissac, X. (2011). The stolbur phytoplasma antigenic membrane protein gene stamp is submitted to diversifying positive selection. Gene, 472, 37-1.View Article PubMed
    Fialová, R., Válová, P., Balakishiyeva, G., Danet, J. L., ?afárová, D., Foissac, X., et al. (2009). Genetic variability of stolbur phytoplasma in annual crop and wild plant species in south Moravia. Journal of Plant Pathology, 91, 411-16.
    Filippin, L., Jovi?, J., Cvrkovi?, T., Forte, V., Clair, D., To?evski, I., et al. (2009). Molecular characteristics of phytoplasmas associated with Flavescence dorée in clematis and grapevine and preliminary results on the role of Dyctiophara europea as a vector. Plant Pathology, 58, 826-37.View Article
    Filippin, L., De Pra, V., Zottini, M., Borgo, M., & Angelini, E. (2011). Nucleotide sequencing of imp gene in phytoplasmas associated to ‘flavescence dorée-from Ailanthus altissima. Bulletin of Insectology, 64, S49–S50.
    Foissac, X., Danet, J. L., Malembic-Maher, S., Salar, P., ?afá?ová, D., Válová, P., et al. (2013a). Tuf and SecY PCR Amplification and Genotyping of Phytoplasmas. In J. Hodggetts & M. Dickinson (Eds.), Phytoplasma methods and protocols (pp. 189-04). New York: Humana Press.View Article
    Foissac, X., Carle, P., Fabre, A., Salar, P., Danet, J. L., & STOLBUR-EUROMED consortium. (2013b). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani-genome project and genetic diversity in the Euro-Mediterranean basin. 3rd European Bois noir Workshop (pp. 11-3). Barcelona: Proceedings of the 3rd European Bois noir Workshop.
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    Langer, M., & Maixner, M. (2004). Molecular characterization of grape
  • 作者单位：Jelena Plavec (1)
    Ivana Kri?anac (1)
    ?eljko Budin??ak (1)
    Dijana ?kori? (2)
    Martina ?eruga Musi? (2)

    1. Institute for Plant Protection, Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Rim 98, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
    2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Maruli?ev trg 9a, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
  • 刊物主题：Life Sciences
    Plant Pathology
    Plant Sciences
    Ecology
  • 出版者：Springer Netherlands
  • ISSN：1573-8469
文摘
Uncultivable bacteria from the genus -em class="EmphasisTypeItalic">Candidatus Phytoplasma-are associated with grapevine yellows (GY) diseases worldwide. In Euro-Mediterranean viticultural areas, GY are most frequently caused by Bois Noir (BN) and Flavescence Dorée (FD) phytoplasmas. Surveys of GY in Croatia have been conducted regularly since 1997. BN phytoplasmas have been found to be widespread, while FD phytoplasmas were recently discovered in restricted areas of the country. The aim of this study was to assess the variability of genotypes involved in GY pathosystems by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. Grapevine, weed and insect vector samples were collected from three locations. Species-specific stamp and vmp1 genes, together with house-keeping genes tuf and secY, were amplified from BN strains. In FD strains, the genes secY, map and uvrB-degV were analyzed. MLST revealed a diversity of BN genotypes, one of which was prevalent and identified in samples of grapevine and the insect vector Hyalesthes obsoletus, corroborating their affiliation to the same pathosystem. Distinct BN strains found in bindweed and two grapevine samples indicated the presence of different BN pathosystems involving a yet unidentified vector, possibly from the genus Reptalus. Moreover, a co-occurence of BN and FD phytoplasma in the same vineyard was identified. The genotyping of FD strains from both grapevine and Scaphoideus titanus showed the presence of at least two distinct FD genotypes at two different locations, suggesting separate introductions of the disease into the country. In this study, MLST proved to be a useful and informative tool in advancing the understanding of GY epidemiology in Croatia.

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