Untangling the effects of fire, grazing, and land-use legacies on grassland butterfly communities
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- 作者：Raymond A. Moranz (1) moranz@iastate.edu
Diane M. Debinski (1)
Devan A. McGranahan (2)
David M. Engle (3)
James R. Miller (4) - 关键词：Butterflies – ; Grazing – ; Habitat management – ; Invasive species – ; Prairie – ; Prescribed burning
- 刊名：Biodiversity and Conservation
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：October 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：21
- 期：11
- 页码：2719-2746
- 全文大小：566.1 KB
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- ISSN：1572-9710
文摘
Many grassland ecosystems are disturbance-dependent, having evolved under the pressures of fire and grazing. Restoring these disturbances can be controversial, particularly when valued resources are thought to be disturbance-sensitive. We tested the effects of fire and grazing on butterfly species richness and population density in an economically productive grassland landscape of the central U.S. Three management treatments were applied: (1) patch-burn graze—rotational burning of three spatially distinct patches within a pasture, and moderately-stocked cattle grazing (N = 5); (2) graze-and-burn—burning entire pasture every 3 years, and moderately-stocked cattle grazing (N = 4); and (3) burn-only—burning entire pasture every 3 years, but no cattle grazing (N = 4). Butterfly abundance was sampled using line transect distance sampling in 2008 and 2009, with six 100-m transects per pasture. Butterfly species richness did not respond to management treatment, but was positively associated with pre-treatment proportion of native plant cover. Population density of two prairie specialists (Cercyonis pegala and Speyeria idalia) and one habitat generalist (Danaus plexippus) was highest in the burn-only treatment, whereas density of one habitat generalist (Cupido comyntas) was highest in the patch-burn graze treatment. Treatment application affected habitat structural characteristics including vegetation height and cover of bare ground. Historic land uses have reduced native plant cover and permitted exotic plant invasion; for some butterfly species, these legacies had a greater influence than management treatments on butterfly density. Conservation of native insect communities in altered grasslands might require native plant restoration in addition to restoration of disturbance processes.