Eosinophilic Skin Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Hai Long ; Guiying Zhang ; Ling Wang ; Qianjin Lu
• 关键词：Eosinophilic dermatoses ; Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome) ; Granuloma faciale ; Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis ; Recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis (RCEV) ; Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman disease)
• 刊名：Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：50
• 期：2
• 页码：189-213
• 全文大小：3,809 KB
• 参考文献：1.Montgomery ND, Dunphy CH, Mooberry M et al (2013) Diagnostic complexities of eosinophilia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 137:259–269PubMed CrossRef
  2.Furuta GT, Atkins FD, Lee NA, Lee JJ (2014) Changing roles of eosinophils in health and disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 113:3–8PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  3.Helbig G (2014) Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia. Curr Opin Hematol 21:3–7PubMed CrossRef
  4.Akuthota P, Weller PF (2012) Eosinophils and disease pathogenesis. Semin Hematol 49:113–119PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  5.Heymann WR (2006) Eosinophilic dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 55:114–115PubMed CrossRef
  6.Bystrom J, Amin K, Bishop-Bailey D (2011) Analysing the eosinophil cationic protein–a clue to the function of the eosinophil granulocyte. Respir Res 12:10PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  7.Bochner BS, Gleich GJ (2010) What targeting eosinophils has taught us about their role in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 126:16–25, quiz 26-17PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  8.Cao C, Gu Y, Zhu C et al (2014) Potential roles of eosinophils in cancer therapy: epidemiological studies, experimental models, and clinical pathology. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 9:241–248PubMed CrossRef
  9.Acharya KR, Ackerman SJ (2014) Eosinophil granule proteins: form and function. J Biol Chem 289:17406–17415PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  10.Lacy P, Rosenberg HF, Walsh GM (2014) Eosinophil overview: structure, biological properties, and key functions. Methods Mol Biol 1178:1–12PubMed CrossRef
  11.Akuthota P, Wang H, Weller PF (2010) Eosinophils as antigen-presenting cells in allergic upper airway disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 10:14–19PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  12.Jia GQ, Gonzalo JA, Hidalgo A, Wagner D, Cybulsky M, Gutierrez-Ramos JC (1999) Selective eosinophil transendothelial migration triggered by eotaxin via modulation of Mac-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 interactions. Int Immunol 11:1–10PubMed CrossRef
  13.Kato Y, Pawankar R, Kimura Y, Kawana S (2006) Increased expression of RANTES, CCR3 and CCR5 in the lesional skin of patients with atopic eczema. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 139:245–257PubMed CrossRef
  14.Kita H, Ohnishi T, Okubo Y, Weiler D, Abrams JS, Gleich GJ (1991) Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 3 release from human peripheral blood eosinophils and neutrophils. J Exp Med 174:745–748PubMed CrossRef
  15.Gleich GJ, Klion AD, Lee JJ, Weller PF (2013) The consequences of not having eosinophils. Allergy 68:829–835PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  16.Wells GC (1971) Recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc 57:46–56PubMed
  17.Wells GC, Smith NP (1979) Eosinophilic cellulitis. Br J Dermatol 100:101–109PubMed CrossRef
  18.Sinno H, Lacroix JP, Lee J et al (2012) Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome): A case series and literature review. Can J Plast Surg 20:91–97PubMed PubMedCentral
  19.Schorr WF, Tauscheck AL, Dickson KB, Melski JW (1984) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome): histologic and clinical features in arthropod bite reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol 11:1043–1049PubMed CrossRef
  20.Lin HL, Lin JN, Chen CW, Kuo LC, Lee WC (2009) Eosinophilic cellulitis after honeybee sting. J Formos Med Assoc 108:964–966PubMed CrossRef
  21.Friedman IS, Phelps RG, Baral J, Sapadin AN (1998) Wells’ syndrome triggered by centipede bite. Int J Dermatol 37:602–605PubMed CrossRef
  22.Koga C, Sugita K, Kabashima K, Matsuoka H, Nakamura M, Tokura Y (2010) High responses of peripheral lymphocytes to mosquito salivary gland extracts in patients with Wells syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 63:160–161PubMed CrossRef
  23.Barreiros H, Matos D, Furtado C, Cunha H, Bartolo E (2012) Wells syndrome in a child triggered by parvovirus B19 infection? J Am Acad Dermatol 67:e166–167PubMed CrossRef
  24.Cherng E, McClung AA, Rosenthal HM, Hicks J, Levy ML (2012) Wells’ syndrome associated with parvovirus in a 5-year old boy. Pediatr Dermatol 29:762–764PubMed CrossRef
  25.Toulon A, Bourdon-Lanoy E, Hamel D et al (2007) Wells’ syndrome after primoinfection by parvovirus B19 in a child. J Am Acad Dermatol 56:S50–51PubMed CrossRef
  26.Ludwig RJ, Grundmann-Kollmann M, Holtmeier W et al (2003) Herpes simplex virus type 2-associated eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome). J Am Acad Dermatol 48:S60–61PubMed CrossRef
  27.Reichel M, Isseroff RR, Vogt PJ, Gandour-Edwards R (1991) Wells’ syndrome in children: varicella infection as a precipitating event. Br J Dermatol 124:187–190PubMed CrossRef
  28.Tsuda S, Tanaka K, Miyasato M, Nakama T, Sasai Y (1994) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome) associated with ascariasis. Acta Derm Venereol 74:292–294PubMed
  29.Bassukas ID, Gaitanis G, Zioga A, Boboyianni C, Stergiopoulou C (2008) Febrile “migrating” eosinophilic cellulitis with hepatosplenomegaly: adult toxocariasis—a case report. Cases J 1:356PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  30.Hurni MA, Gerbig AW, Braathen LR, Hunziker T (1997) Toxocariasis and Wells’ syndrome: a causal relationship? Dermatology 195:325–328PubMed CrossRef
  31.Heelan K, Ryan JF, Shear NH, Egan CA (2013) Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): proposed diagnostic criteria and a literature review of the drug-induced variant. J Dermatol Case Rep 7:113–120PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  32.Brehmer-Andersson E, Kaaman T, Skog E, Frithz A (1986) The histopathogenesis of the flame figure in Wells’ syndrome based on five cases. Acta Derm Venereol 66:213–219PubMed
  33.Ferrier MC, Janin-Mercier A, Souteyrand P, Bourges M, Hermier C (1988) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome): ultrastructural study of a case with circulating immune complexes. Dermatologica 176:299–304PubMed CrossRef
  34.Moossavi M, Mehregan DR (2003) Wells’ syndrome: a clinical and histopathologic review of seven cases. Int J Dermatol 42:62–67PubMed CrossRef
  35.Seckin D, Demirhan B (2001) Drugs and Wells’ syndrome: a possible causal relationship? Int J Dermatol 40:138–140PubMed CrossRef
  36.Spigel GT, Winkelmann RK (1979) Wells’ syndrome. Recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. Arch Dermatol 115:611–613PubMed CrossRef
  37.Rossini MS, de Souza EM, Cintra ML, Pagnano KB, Chiari AC, Lorand-Metze I (2004) Cutaneous adverse reaction to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine with histological flame figures in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 18:538–542PubMed CrossRef
  38.Calvert J, Shors AR, Hornung RL, Poorsattar SP, Sidbury R (2006) Relapse of Wells’ syndrome in a child after tetanus-diphtheria immunization. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:S232–233PubMed CrossRef
  39.Koh KJ, Warren L, Moore L, James C, Thompson GN (2003) Wells’ syndrome following thiomersal-containing vaccinations. Australas J Dermatol 44:199–202PubMed CrossRef
  40.Moreno M, Luelmo J, Monteagudo M, Bella R, Casanovas A (1997) Wells’ syndrome related to tetanus vaccine. Int J Dermatol 36:524–525PubMed CrossRef
  41.Boura P, Sarantopoulos A, Lefaki I, Skendros P, Papadopoulos P (2006) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome) as a cutaneous reaction to the administration of adalimumab. Ann Rheum Dis 65:839–840PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  42.Tugnet N, Youssef A, Whallett AJ (2012) Wells’ syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) secondary to infliximab. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51:195–196CrossRef
  43.Winfield H, Lain E, Horn T, Hoskyn J (2006) Eosinophilic cellulitislike reaction to subcutaneous etanercept injection. Arch Dermatol 142:218–220PubMed CrossRef
  44.Nakazato S, Fujita Y, Hamade Y et al (2013) Wells’ syndrome associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Acta Derm Venereol 93:375–376PubMed CrossRef
  45.Gambichler T, Othlinghaus N, Rotterdam S, Altmeyer P, Stucker M (2009) Impetiginized Wells’ syndrome in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Clin Exp Dermatol 34:e274–275PubMed CrossRef
  46.Spinelli M, Frigerio E, Cozzi A, Garutti C, Garavaglia MC, Altomare G (2008) Bullous Wells’ syndrome associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphocytic lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol 88:530–531PubMed CrossRef
  47.Rajpara A, Liolios A, Fraga G, Blackmon J (2014) Recurrent paraneoplastic wells syndrome in a patient with metastatic renal cell cancer. Dermatol Online J 20(6)
  48.Hirsch K, Ludwig RJ, Wolter M et al (2005) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome) associated with colon carcinoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 3:530–531PubMed CrossRef
  49.Komura K, Sato S, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K (2004) Elevated circulating CD40L concentrations in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 31:514–519PubMed
  50.Huang CF, Chen YF, Wang WM, Chiang CP (2013) Wells’ syndrome associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome: correlation with mast cell distribution. Int J Dermatol 52:214–216PubMed CrossRef
  51.Lee SC, Shin SS, Lee JB, Won YH (2000) Wells syndrome associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 43:556–557PubMed CrossRef
  52.Lee SH, Roh MR, Jee H, Chung KY, Jung JY (2011) Wells’ syndrome associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Dermatol 23:497–500PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  53.Schuttelaar ML, Jonkman MF (2003) Bullous eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome) associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:91–93PubMed CrossRef
  54.Sakaria SS, Ravi A, Swerlick R, Sitaraman S (2007) Wells’ syndrome associated with ulcerative colitis: a case report and literature review. J Gastroenterol 42:250–252PubMed CrossRef
  55.Bogenrieder T, Griese DP, Schiffner R et al (1997) Wells’ syndrome associated with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Br J Dermatol 137:978–982PubMed CrossRef
  56.Tsuji Y, Kawashima T, Yokota K et al (2002) Wells’ syndrome as a manifestation of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Br J Dermatol 147:811–812PubMed CrossRef
  57.Arca E, Kose O, Karslioglu Y, Tastan HB, Demiriz M (2007) Bullous eosinophilic cellulitis succession with eosinophilic pustular folliculitis without eosinophilia. J Dermatol 34:80–85PubMed CrossRef
  58.Yagi H, Tokura Y, Matsushita K, Hanaoka K, Furukawa F, Takigawa M (1997) Wells’ syndrome: a pathogenic role for circulating CD4+CD7−T cells expressing interleukin-5 mRNA. Br J Dermatol 136:918–923PubMed CrossRef
  59.Espana A, Sanz ML, Sola J, Gil P (1999) Wells’ syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): correlation between clinical activity, eosinophil levels, eosinophil cation protein and interleukin-5. Br J Dermatol 140:127–130PubMed CrossRef
  60.Simon HU, Plotz S, Simon D et al (2003) Interleukin-2 primes eosinophil degranulation in hypereosinophilia and Wells’ syndrome. Eur J Immunol 33:834–839PubMed CrossRef
  61.Powell JG, Ramsdell A, Rothman IL (2012) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome) in a pediatric patient: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 89:191–194PubMed
  62.Chung CL, Cusack CA (2006) Wells syndrome: an enigmatic and therapeutically challenging disease. J Drugs Dermatol 5:908–911PubMed
  63.Keller EC, Tomecki KJ, Alraies MC (2012) Distinguishing cellulitis from its mimics. Cleve Clin J Med 79:547–552PubMed CrossRef
  64.Ferreli C, Pinna AL, Atzori L, Aste N (1999) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Well’s syndrome): a new case description. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 13:41–45PubMed CrossRef
  65.Falagas ME, Vergidis PI (2005) Narrative review: diseases that masquerade as infectious cellulitis. Ann Intern Med 142:47–55PubMed CrossRef
  66.Verma P, Singal A, Sharma S (2012) Idiopathic bullous eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome) responsive to topical tacrolimus and antihistamine combination. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 78:378–380PubMed CrossRef
  67.Rongioletti F, Fausti V, Kempf W, Rebora A, Parodi A (2011) Eosinophilic annular erythema: an expression of the clinical and pathological polymorphism of Wells syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:e135–137PubMed CrossRef
  68.Howes R, Girgis L, Kossard S (2008) Eosinophilic annular erythema: a subset of Wells’ syndrome or a distinct entity? Australas J Dermatol 49:159–163PubMed CrossRef
  69.El-Khalawany M, Al-Mutairi N, Sultan M, Shaaban D (2013) Eosinophilic annular erythema is a peculiar subtype in the spectrum of Wells syndrome: a multicentre long-term follow-up study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27:973–979PubMed CrossRef
  70.Ratzinger G, Zankl J, Zelger B (2013) Wells syndrome and its relationship to Churg-Strauss syndrome. Int J Dermatol 52:949–954PubMed CrossRef
  71.Govoni M, Colina M, Cavazzini L, Trotta F (2007) Churg-Strauss syndrome and Wells syndrome: coincidence or pathogenetic association? A new case report. Clin Exp Rheumatol 25:S41PubMed
  72.Mitchell AJ, Anderson TF, Headington JT, Rasmussen JE (1984) Recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. Wells’ syndrome. Int J Dermatol 23:198–202PubMed CrossRef
  73.Leiferman KM, Peters MS (2006) Reflections on eosinophils and flame figures: where there’s smoke there’s not necessarily Wells syndrome. Arch Dermatol 142:1215–1218PubMed CrossRef
  74.Qiao J, Sun CE, Zhu W, Zhu D, Fang H (2013) Flame figures associated with eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy: is it possible to distinguish the condition from eosinophilic cellulitis in patients with hematoproliferative disease? Int J Clin Exp Pathol 6:1683–1687PubMed PubMedCentral
  75.Wood C, Miller AC, Jacobs A, Hart R, Nickoloff BJ (1986) Eosinophilic infiltration with flame figures. A distinctive tissue reaction seen in Wells’ syndrome and other diseases. Am J Dermatopathol 8:186–193PubMed CrossRef
  76.Bansal M, Rai T, Pandey SS (2012) Wells syndrome. Indian Dermatol Online J 3:187–189PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  77.Coldiron BM, Robinson JK (1989) Low-dose alternate-day prednisone for persistent Wells’ syndrome. Arch Dermatol 125:1625–1626PubMed CrossRef
  78.Moon SH, Shin MK (2013) Bullous eosinophilic cellulitis in a child treated with dapsone. Pediatr Dermatol 30:e46–47PubMed CrossRef
  79.Ohtsuka T (2009) Oral tacrolimus treatment for refractory eosinophilic cellulitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 34:e597–598PubMed CrossRef
  80.Kim SH, Kwon JE, Kim HB (2013) Successful treatment of steroid-dependent eosinophilic cellulitis with cyclosporine. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 5:62–64PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  81.Sarin KY, Fiorentino D (2012) Treatment of recalcitrant eosinophilic cellulitis with adalimumab. Arch Dermatol 148:990–992PubMed CrossRef
  82.Bischoff L, Derk CT (2008) Eosinophilic fasciitis: demographics, disease pattern and response to treatment: report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 47:29–35PubMed CrossRef
  83.Iwasaki M, Saito K, Takemura M et al (2003) TNF-alpha contributes to the development of allergic rhinitis in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 112:134–140PubMed CrossRef
  84.Gandhi RK, Coloe J, Peters S, Zirwas M, Darabi K (2011) Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): a clinical imitator of bacterial cellulitis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 4:55–57PubMed PubMedCentral
  85.Herr H, Koh JK (2001) Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome) successfully treated with low-dose cyclosporine. J Korean Med Sci 16:664–668PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  86.Aberer W, Konrad K, Wolff K (1988) Wells’ syndrome is a distinctive disease entity and not a histologic diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 18:105–114PubMed CrossRef
  87.Teixeira DA, Estrozi B, Ianhez M (2013) Granuloma faciale: a rare disease from a dermoscopy perspective. An Bras Dermatol 88:97–100PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  88.Thiyanaratnam J, Doherty SD, Krishnan B, Hsu S (2009) Granuloma faciale: case report and review. Dermatol Online J 15:3PubMed
  89.Pinkus H (1952) Facial granuloma. Dermatologica 105:85–99PubMed CrossRef
  90.Lever WF, Leeper RW (1950) Eosinophilic granuloma of the skin; report of cases representing the two different diseases described as eosinophilic granuloma. Arch Derm Syphilol 62:85–96PubMed CrossRef
  91.Cobane JH, Straith CL, Pinkus H (1950) Facial granulomas with eosinophilia; their relation to other eosinophilic granulomas of the skin and to reticulogranuloma. Arch Derm Syphilol 61:442–454PubMed CrossRef
  92.Ortonne N, Wechsler J, Bagot M, Grosshans E, Cribier B (2005) Granuloma faciale: a clinicopathologic study of 66 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:1002–1009PubMed CrossRef
  93.Marcoval J, Moreno A, Peyr J (2004) Granuloma faciale: a clinicopathological study of 11 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 51:269–273PubMed CrossRef
  94.Gauger A, Ronet C, Schnopp C et al (2005) High local interleukin 5 production in granuloma faciale (eosinophilicum): role of clonally expanded skin-specific CD4+ cells. Br J Dermatol 153:454–457PubMed CrossRef
  95.Selvaag E, Roald B (2000) Immunohistochemical findings in granuloma faciale. The role of eosinophilic granulocytes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 14:517–518PubMed CrossRef
  96.Nakahara T, Moroi Y, Tashiro A, Kiryu H, Furue M (2010) The interaction of inflammatory cells in granuloma faciale. Dermatology Reports 2:e17PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  97.Smoller BR, Bortz J (1993) Immunophenotypic analysis suggests that granuloma faciale is a gamma-interferon-mediated process. J Cutan Pathol 20:442–446PubMed CrossRef
  98.Barnadas MA, Curell R, Alomar A (2006) Direct immunofluorescence in granuloma faciale: a case report and review of literature. J Cutan Pathol 33:508–511PubMed CrossRef
  99.Nasiri S, Rahimi H, Farnaghi A, Asadi-Kani Z (2010) Granuloma faciale with disseminated extra facial lesions. Dermatol Online J 16:5PubMed
  100.Ludwig E, Allam JP, Bieber T, Novak N (2003) New treatment modalities for granuloma faciale. Br J Dermatol 149:634–637PubMed CrossRef
  101.Leite I, Moreira A, Guedes R, Furtado A, Ferreira EO, Baptista A (2011) Granuloma faciale of the scalp. Dermatol Online J 17:6PubMed
  102.Gupta L, Naik H, Kumar NM, Kar HK (2012) Granuloma faciale with extrafacial involvement and response to tacrolimus. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 5:150–152PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  103.Surana TV, Arghyaprasun G, Saugato B, Falguni N, Gobinda C, Chinmay H (2013) Granuloma faciale: exclusively extrafacial. Indian J Dermatol 58:245PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  104.Nogueira A, Lisboa C, Duarte AF et al (2011) Granuloma faciale with subglottic eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis: case report and review of the literature. Cutis 88:77–82PubMed
  105.Roberts PF, McCann BG (1985) Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis of the upper respiratory tract: a mucosal variant of granuloma faciale? A report of three cases. Histopathology 9:1217–1225PubMed CrossRef
  106.Jain R, Robblee JV, O’Sullivan-Mejia E et al (2008) Sinonasal eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis: a report of four cases and review of literature. Head Neck Pathol 2:309–315PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  107.Watanabe N, Moriwaki K (2006) Atypical eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis on nasal septum. Auris Nasus Larynx 33:355–358PubMed CrossRef
  108.LeBoit PE (2002) Granuloma faciale: a diagnosis deserving of dignity. Am J Dermatopathol 24:440–443PubMed CrossRef
  109.Caldarola G, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, Bisceglia M, Pellicano R (2011) Granuloma faciale: a case report on long-term treatment with topical tacrolimus and dermoscopic aspects. Dermatol Ther 24:508–511PubMed CrossRef
  110.Ziemer M, Schwede K, Simon JC, Paasch U (2013) Atypical erythema elevatum diutinum or extrafacial granuloma faciale? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 11:178–180PubMed
  111.Lallas A, Sidiropoulos T, Lefaki I, Tzellos T, Sotiriou E, Apalla Z (2012) Photoletter to the editor: dermoscopy of granuloma faciale. J Dermatol Case Rep 6:59–60PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  112.Panagiotopoulos A, Anyfantakis V, Rallis E et al (2006) Assessment of the efficacy of cryosurgery in the treatment of granuloma faciale. Br J Dermatol 154:357–360PubMed CrossRef
  113.Cheung ST, Lanigan SW (2005) Granuloma faciale treated with the pulsed-dye laser: a case series. Clin Exp Dermatol 30:373–375PubMed CrossRef
  114.Fikrle T, Pizinger K (2010) Granuloma faciale treated with 595-nm pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg 37:102–104PubMed CrossRef
  115.Erceg A, de Jong EM, van de Kerkhof PC, Seyger MM (2013) The efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment for inflammatory skin diseases: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 69:609–615, e608PubMed CrossRef
  116.Tojo G, Fujimura T, Kambayashi Y, Kikuchi K, Aiba S (2012) Successful treatment of granuloma faciale with topical tacrolimus: a case report and immunohistochemical study. Case Rep Dermatol 4:158–162PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  117.Ofuji S (1987) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Dermatologica 174:53–56PubMed CrossRef
  118.Fujiyama T, Tokura Y (2013) Clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. J Dermatol 40:419–423PubMed CrossRef
  119.Ofuji S, Ogino A, Horio T, Oseko T, Uehara M (1970) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Acta Derm Venereol 50:195–203PubMed
  120.Lankerani L, Thompson R (2010) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: case report and review of the literature. Cutis 86:190–194PubMed
  121.Nervi SJ, Schwartz RA, Dmochowski M (2006) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a 40 year retrospect. J Am Acad Dermatol 55:285–289PubMed CrossRef
  122.Katoh M, Nomura T, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K (2013) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a review of the Japanese published works. J Dermatol 40:15–20PubMed CrossRef
  123.Afonso JP, Tomimori J, Michalany NS, Nonogaki S, Porro AM (2012) Pruritic papular eruption and eosinophilic folliculitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a histopathological and immunohistochemical comparative study. J Am Acad Dermatol 67:269–275PubMed CrossRef
  124.Buezo GF, Fraga J, Abajo P, Rios L, Dauden E, Garcia-Diez A (1998) HIV-Associated eosinophilic folliculitis and follicular mucinosis. Dermatology 197:178–180PubMed CrossRef
  125.Rajendran PM, Dolev JC, Heaphy MR Jr, Maurer T (2005) Eosinophilic folliculitis: before and after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. Arch Dermatol 141:1227–1231PubMed CrossRef
  126.Keida T, Hayashi N, Kawashima M (2004) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis following autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation. J Dermatol 31:21–26PubMed CrossRef
  127.Patrizi A, Di Lernia V, Neri I, Gherlinzoni F (1992) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol 72:146–147PubMed
  128.Zitelli K, Fernandes N, Adams BB (2014) Eosinophilic folliculitis occurring after stem cell transplant for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review. Int J Dermatol. doi:10.​1111/​ijd.​12521
  129.Opie KM, Heenan PJ, Delaney TA, Rohr JB (2003) Two cases of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis associated with parasitic infestations. Australas J Dermatol 44:217–219PubMed CrossRef
  130.Hernandez-Martin A, Nuno-Gonzalez A, Colmenero I, Torrelo A (2013) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy: a series of 15 cases and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 68:150–155PubMed CrossRef
  131.Hsu PJ, Huang CJ, Wu MT (2005) Pathergy in atypical eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Int J Dermatol 44:203–205PubMed CrossRef
  132.Ellis E, Scheinfeld N (2004) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a comprehensive review of treatment options. Am J Clin Dermatol 5:189–197PubMed CrossRef
  133.Laing ME, Laing TA, Mulligan NJ, Keane FM (2006) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis induced by chemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:729–730PubMed CrossRef
  134.Ooi CG, Walker P, Sidhu SK, Gordon LA, Marshman G (2006) Allopurinol induced generalized eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Australas J Dermatol 47:270–273PubMed CrossRef
  135.Mizoguchi S, Setoyama M, Higashi Y, Hozumi H, Kanzaki T (1998) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis induced by carbamazepine. J Am Acad Dermatol 38:641–643PubMed CrossRef
  136.Mabuchi T, Matsuyama T, Ozawa A (2011) Case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis associated with pregnancy. J Dermatol 38:1191–1193PubMed CrossRef
  137.Kus S, Candan I, Ince U, Uygur T (2006) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease) exacerbated with pregnancies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20:1347–1348PubMed CrossRef
  138.Gul U, Kilic A, Demiriz M (2007) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: the first case associated with hepatitis C virus. J Dermatol 34:397–399PubMed CrossRef
  139.Teraki Y, Konohana I, Shiohara T, Nagashima M, Nishikawa T (1993) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease). Immunohistochemical analysis. Arch Dermatol 129:1015–1019PubMed CrossRef
  140.Satoh T, Shimura C, Miyagishi C, Yokozeki H (2010) Indomethacin-induced reduction in CRTH2 in eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease): a proposed mechanism of action. Acta Derm Venereol 90:18–22PubMed CrossRef
  141.Nakahigashi K, Doi H, Otsuka A et al (2012) PGD2 induces eotaxin-3 via PPARgamma from sebocytes: a possible pathogenesis of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 129:536–543PubMed CrossRef
  142.Kataoka N, Satoh T, Hirai A, Saeki K, Yokozeki H (2013) Indomethacin inhibits eosinophil migration to prostaglandin D2: therapeutic potential of CRTH2 desensitization for eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Immunology 140:78–86PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  143.Satoh T, Ito Y, Miyagishi C, Yokozeki H (2011) Basophils infiltrate skin lesions of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease). Acta Derm Venereol 91:371–372PubMed CrossRef
  144.Murayama T, Nakamura K, Tsuchida T (2014) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis with extensive distribution: correlation of serum TARC levels and peripheral blood eosinophil numbers. Int J Dermatol. doi:10.​1111/​ijd.​12281
  145.Yokobayashi H, Sugaya M, Miyagaki T et al (2013) Analysis of serum chemokine levels in patients with HIV-associated eosinophilic folliculitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27:e212–216PubMed CrossRef
  146.Satoh T, Ikeda H, Yokozeki H (2013) Acrosyringeal involvement of palmoplantar lesions of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Acta Derm Venereol 93:99PubMed
  147.Romano C, Rubegni P, De Aloe G et al (2003) Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:10–13PubMed CrossRef
  148.Rattana-Apiromyakij N, Kullavanijaya P (2000) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: report of seven cases in Thailand. J Dermatol 27:195–203PubMed CrossRef
  149.Izumi K, Yanagi T, Akiyama M, Moriuchi R, Arita K, Shimizu H (2013) Intractable erythematous plaques on the hands: palmoplantar eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Int J Dermatol 52:1274–1275PubMed CrossRef
  150.Tsuboi H, Niiyama S, Katsuoka K (2004) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji disease) manifested as pustules on the palms and soles. Cutis 74:107–110PubMed
  151.Lucky AW, Esterly NB, Heskel N, Krafchik BR, Solomon LM (1984) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy. Pediatr Dermatol 1:202–206PubMed CrossRef
  152.Toyonaga E, Abe R, Moriuchi R, Ito K, Abe Y, Shimizu H (2013) Indomethacin for refractory infantile eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. JAMA Dermatol 149:367–368PubMed CrossRef
  153.Lee WJ, Won KH, Won CH et al (2014) Facial and extrafacial eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a clinical and histopathological comparative study. Br J Dermatol 170:1173–1176PubMed CrossRef
  154.Parker SR, Parker DC, McCall CO (2006) Eosinophilic folliculitis in HIV-infected women: case series and review. Am J Clin Dermatol 7:193–200PubMed CrossRef
  155.Giard F, Marcoux D, McCuaig C, Powell J, Russo P (1991) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji disease) in childhood: a review of four cases. Pediatr Dermatol 8:189–193PubMed CrossRef
  156.Asgari M, Leiferman KM, Piepkorn M, Kuechle MK (2006) Neonatal eosinophilic pustulosis. Int J Dermatol 45:131–134PubMed CrossRef
  157.Finelt N, Kristal L (2013) Patient characteristics of neonatal eosinophilic pustulosis. Pediatr Dermatol 30:e204–207PubMed CrossRef
  158.Holmes RB, Martins C, Horn T (2002) The histopathology of folliculitis in HIV-infected patients. J Cutan Pathol 29:93–95PubMed CrossRef
  159.Buckley DA, Munn SE, Higgins EM (2001) Neonatal eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 26:251–255PubMed CrossRef
  160.Duarte AM, Kramer J, Yusk JW, Paller A, Schachner LA (1993) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy and childhood. Am J Dis Child 147:197–200PubMed
  161.Ota M, Shimizu T, Hashino S, Shimizu H (2004) Eosinophilic folliculitis in a patient after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: case report and review of the literature. Am J Hematol 76:295–296PubMed CrossRef
  162.Fukamachi S, Kabashima K, Sugita K, Kobayashi M, Tokura Y (2009) Therapeutic effectiveness of various treatments for eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Acta Derm Venereol 89:155–159PubMed
  163.Yoshifuku A, Higashi Y, Matsushita S, Kawai K, Kanekura T (2013) Transdermal nicotine patches for eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. J Dermatol 40:711–714PubMed CrossRef
  164.Schmieder A, Damm F, Haus G, Lentz K, Goerdt S, Peitsch WK (2013) Extended eosinophilic pustular folliculitis with reactive bone marrow hypereosinophilia responsive to combined treatment with indomethacin, dapsone, and narrow-band UVB phototherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 69:e312–314PubMed CrossRef
  165.Alonso-Castro L, Perez-Garcia B, Gonzalez-Garcia C, Jaen-Olasolo P (2012) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy: report of a new case. Dermatol Online J 18:6PubMed
  166.Carlson JA, Chen KR (2007) Cutaneous vasculitis update: neutrophilic muscular vessel and eosinophilic, granulomatous, and lymphocytic vasculitis syndromes. Am J Dermatopathol 29:32–43PubMed CrossRef
  167.Chen KR, Su WP, Pittelkow MR, Conn DL, George T, Leiferman KM (1996) Eosinophilic vasculitis in connective tissue disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 35:173–182PubMed CrossRef
  168.Yomoda M, Inoue M, Nakama T, Mori O, Chen KR, Hashimoto T (1999) Cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Dermatol 140:754–755PubMed
  169.Liao YH, Su YW, Tsay W, Chiu HC (2005) Association of cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis and deep vein thrombosis in hypereosinophilic syndrome. Arch Dermatol 141:1051–1053PubMed
  170.Chen KR, Pittelkow MR, Su D, Gleich J, Newman W, Leiferman KM (1994) Recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis. A novel eosinophil-mediated syndrome. Arch Dermatol 130:1159–1166PubMed CrossRef
  171.Chen KR, Su WP, Pittelkow MR, Leiferman KM (1995) Eosinophilic vasculitis syndrome: recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic necrotizing vasculitis. Semin Dermatol 14:106–110PubMed CrossRef
  172.Li W, Cao W, Song H, Ciu Y, Lu X, Zhang F (2013) Recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis: a case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 8:185PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  173.Resnick MB, Weller PF (1993) Mechanisms of eosinophil recruitment. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 8:349–355PubMed CrossRef
  174.Sugiyama M, Nozaki Y, Ikoma S, Kinoshita K, Funauchi M (2013) Successful treatment with tacrolimus in a case of the glucocorticoid-dependent recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis. Ann Dermatol 25:252–254PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  175.Launay D, Delaporte E, Gillot JM, Janin A, Hachulla E (2000) An unusual cause of vascular purpura: recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic necrotizing vasculitis. Acta Derm Venereol 80:394–395PubMed
  176.Kiorpelidou D, Gaitanis G, Zioga A, Tsili AC, Bassukas ID (2011) Chronic periaortitis (retroperitoneal fibrosis) concurrent with recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2011:548634PubMed PubMedCentral
  177.Peng Y, Wang P, Chen X (2012) A case of recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis. The Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology 26:528–529
  178.Song L, Zeng S, Sun J (2005) A case of recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis. Chinese Journal of Dermatology 38:709
  179.Zhou N, Che Y, Liu Q (2007) Recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis. China Journal of Leprosy and Skin Diseases 23:429–430
  180.Sakuma-Oyama Y, Nishibu A, Oyama N, Saito M, Nakamura K, Kaneko F (2003) A case of recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis: successful adjuvant therapy with suplatast tosilate. Br J Dermatol 149:901–903PubMed CrossRef
  181.Tsunemi Y, Saeki H, Ihn H, Tamaki K (2005) Recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis presenting as annular urticarial plaques. Acta Derm Venereol 85:380–381PubMed
  182.Tanglertsampan C, Tantikun N, Noppakun N, Pinyopornpanit V (2007) Indomethacin for recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis. J Med Assoc Thai 90:1180–1182PubMed
  183.Vaglio A, Salvarani C, Buzio C (2006) Retroperitoneal fibrosis. Lancet 367:241–251PubMed CrossRef
  184.Pinal-Fernandez I, Selva-O’ Callaghan A, Grau JM (2014) Diagnosis and classification of eosinophilic fasciitis. Autoimmun Rev 13:379–382PubMed CrossRef
  185.Shulman LE (1975) Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia: a new syndrome? Trans Assoc Am Physicians 88:70–86PubMed
  186.Lebeaux D, Sene D (2012) Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman disease). Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 26:449–458PubMed CrossRef
  187.Lakhanpal S, Ginsburg WW, Michet CJ, Doyle JA, Moore SB (1988) Eosinophilic fasciitis: clinical spectrum and therapeutic response in 52 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 17:221–231PubMed CrossRef
  188.Bujold J, Boivin C, Amin M, Bouchard JP, Soucy J (2014) Eosinophilic fasciitis occurring under treatment with natalizumab for multiple sclerosis. J Cutan Med Surg 18:69–71PubMed
  189.Sugiura K, Matsumoto T, Muro Y, Akiyama M (2013) Unilaterally dominant eosinophilic fasciitis after influenza vaccination. J Am Acad Dermatol 69:e269–270PubMed CrossRef
  190.de Boysson H, Cheze S, Chapon F, Le Mauff B, Auzary C, Geffray L (2013) Eosinophilic fasciitis with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Joint Bone Spine 80:208–210PubMed CrossRef
  191.Ferguson JS, Bosworth J, Min T, Mercieca J, Holden CA (2013) Eosinophilic fasciitis associated with hypereosinophilia, abnormal bone-marrow karyotype and inversion of chromosome 5. Clin Exp Dermatol 39:150–153PubMed CrossRef
  192.Eklund KK, Anttila P, Leirisalo-Repo M (2003) Eosinophilic fasciitis, myositis and arthritis as early manifestations of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Scand J Rheumatol 32:376–377PubMed CrossRef
  193.Lebeaux D, Frances C, Barete S et al (2012) Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman disease): new insights into the therapeutic management from a series of 34 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51:557–561CrossRef
  194.Granter SR, Barnhill RL, Duray PH (1996) Borrelial fasciitis: diffuse fasciitis and peripheral eosinophilia associated with Borrelia infection. Am J Dermatopathol 18:465–473PubMed CrossRef
  195.Sillo P, Pinter D, Ostorhazi E et al (2012) Eosinophilic fasciitis associated with Mycoplasma arginini infection. J Clin Microbiol 50:1113–1117PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  196.Mallepalli JR, Quinet RJ, Sus R (2008) Eosinophilic fasciitis induced by fire ant bites. Ochsner J 8:114–118PubMed PubMedCentral
  197.Schaffer JV, McNiff JM, Seropian S, Cooper DL, Bolognia JL (2005) Lichen sclerosus and eosinophilic fasciitis as manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease: expanding the sclerodermoid spectrum. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:591–601PubMed CrossRef
  198.Moore TL, Zuckner J (1980) Eosinophilic fasciitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 9:228–235PubMed CrossRef
  199.Goules A, Tzioufas AG, Manousakis MN, Kirou KA, Crow MK, Routsias JG (2006) Elevated levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in serum of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 26:165–171PubMed CrossRef
  200.Ciferska H, Horak P, Hermanova Z et al (2007) The levels of sCD30 and of sCD40L in a group of patients with systemic lupus erythematodes and their diagnostic value. Clin Rheumatol 26:723–728PubMed CrossRef
  201.Jinnin M, Ihn H, Yazawa N, Asano Y, Yamane K, Tamaki K (2003) Circulating soluble CD40 ligand in patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. Ann Rheum Dis 62:190–191PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  202.Asano Y, Ihn H, Jinnin M, Tamaki Z, Tamaki K, Sato S (2014) Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. J Dermatol 41:746–748
  203.Jinnin M, Ihn H, Yamane K, Asano Y, Yazawa N, Tamaki K (2004) Serum levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and 2 in patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. Br J Dermatol 151:407–412PubMed CrossRef
  204.Toquet C, Hamidou MA, Renaudin K et al (2003) In situ immunophenotype of the inflammatory infiltrate in eosinophilic fasciitis. J Rheumatol 30:1811–1815PubMed
  205.Endo Y, Tamura A, Matsushima Y et al (2007) Eosinophilic fasciitis: report of two cases and a systematic review of the literature dealing with clinical variables that predict outcome. Clin Rheumatol 26:1445–1451PubMed CrossRef
  206.Quintero-Del-Rio AI, Punaro M, Pascual V (2002) Faces of eosinophilic fasciitis in childhood. J Clin Rheumatol 8:99–103PubMed CrossRef
  207.Chalker RB, Dickey BF, Rosenthal NC, Simms RW (1991) Extrapulmonary thoracic restriction (hidebound chest) complicating eosinophilic fasciitis. Chest 100:1453–1455PubMed CrossRef
  208.Moriguchi M, Terai C, Kuroki S et al (1998) Eosinophilic fasciitis complicated with peripheral polyneuropathy. Intern Med 37:417–420PubMed CrossRef
  209.Killen JW, Swift GL, White RJ (2000) Eosinophilic fasciitis with pulmonary and pleural involvement. Postgrad Med J 76:36–37PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
  210.Rizzo S (2002) Eosinophilic pleuropericarditis and fasciitis. A new case. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 57:311–313PubMed
  211.Kirschstein M, Helmchen U, Jensen R, Kuster RM, Lehmann H (1999) Kidney involvement in a 17-year-old boy with eosinophilic fasciitis. Clin Nephrol 52:183–187PubMed
  212.Herson S, Brechignac S, Piette JC et al (1990) Capillary microscopy during eosinophilic fasciitis in 15 patients: distinction from systemic scleroderma. Am J Med 88:598–600PubMed CrossRef
  213.Shulman LE (1984) Diffuse fasciitis with hypergammaglobulinemia and eosinophilia: a new syndrome? J Rheumatol 11:569–570PubMed
  214.Nakajima H, Fujiwara S, Shinoda K, Ohsawa N (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging and serum aldolase concentration in eosinophilic fasciitis. Intern Med 36:654–656PubMed CrossRef
  215.Fujimoto M, Sato S, Ihn H, Kikuchi K, Yamada N, Takehara K (1995) Serum aldolase level is a useful indicator of disease activity in eosinophilic fasciitis. J Rheumatol 22:563–565PubMed
  216.Desvignes-Engelbert A, Sauliere N, Loeuille D, Blum A, Chary-Valckenaere I (2010) From diagnosis to remission: place of MRI in eosinophilic fasciitis. Clin Rheumatol 29:1461–1464PubMed CrossRef
  217.Baumann F, Bruhlmann P, Andreisek G, Michel BA, Marincek B, Weishaupt D (2005) MRI for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:169–174PubMed CrossRef
  218.Moulton SJ, Kransdorf MJ, Ginsburg WW, Abril A, Persellin S (2005) Eosinophilic fasciitis: spectrum of MRI findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:975–978PubMed CrossRef
  219.Liou CH, Huang GS, Taylor JA, Juan CJ, Gao HW, Chen CY (2003) Eosinophilic fasciitis in a military recruit: MRI evaluation with clinical correlation. Skeletal Radiol 32:52–57PubMed CrossRef
  220.Dybowski F, Neuen-Jacob E, Braun J (2008) Eosinophilic fasciitis and myositis: use of imaging modalities for diagnosis and monitoring. Ann Rheum Dis 67:572–574PubMed CrossRef
  221.Kissin EY, Garg A, Grayson PC et al (2013) Ultrasound assessment of subcutaneous compressibility: a potential adjunctive diagnostic tool in eosinophilic fasciitis. J Clin Rheumatol 19:382–385PubMed CrossRef
  222.Serratrice G, Pellissier JF, Roux H, Quilichini P (1990) Fasciitis, perimyositis, myositis, polymyositis, and eosinophilia. Muscle Nerve 13:385–395PubMed CrossRef
  223.Steenland K, Goldsmith DF (1995) Silica exposure and autoimmune diseases. Am J Ind Med 28:603–608PubMed CrossRef
  224.de Masson A, Bouaziz JD, Peffault de Latour R et al (2013) Severe aplastic anemia associated with eosinophilic fasciitis: report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 92:69–81CrossRef
  225.Poliak N, Orange JS, Pawel BR, Weiss PF (2011) Eosinophilic fasciitis mimicking angioedema and treatment response to infliximab in a pediatric patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 106:444–445PubMed CrossRef
  226.Schiener R, Behrens-Williams SC, Gottlober P, Pillekamp H, Peter RU, Kerscher M (2000) Eosinophilic fasciitis treated with psoralen-ultraviolet A bath photochemotherapy. Br J Dermatol 142:804–807PubMed CrossRef
  227.Kim SW, Rice L, Champlin R, Udden MM (1997) Aplastic anemia in eosinophilic fasciitis: responses to immunosuppression and marrow transplantation. Haematologia (Budap) 28:131–137
  
• 作者单位：Hai Long (1)
  Guiying Zhang (1)
  Ling Wang (2)
  Qianjin Lu (1)
  
  1. Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
  2. Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
  
• 刊物主题：Allergology; Immunology; Internal Medicine;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1559-0267

文摘

Eosinophilic skin diseases, commonly termed as eosinophilic dermatoses, refer to a broad spectrum of skin diseases characterized by eosinophil infiltration and/or degranulation in skin lesions, with or without blood eosinophilia. The majority of eosinophilic dermatoses lie in the allergy-related group, including allergic drug eruption, urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and eczema. Parasitic infestations, arthropod bites, and autoimmune blistering skin diseases such as bullous pemphigoid, are also common. Besides these, there are several rare types of eosinophilic dermatoses with unknown origin, in which eosinophil infiltration is a central component and affects specific tissue layers or adnexal structures of the skin, such as the dermis, subcutaneous fat, fascia, follicles, and cutaneous vessels. Some typical examples are eosinophilic cellulitis, granuloma faciale, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis, and eosinophilic fasciitis. Although tissue eosinophilia is a common feature shared by these disorders, their clinical and pathological properties differ dramatically. Among these rare entities, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or malignancies, and some other diseases, like eosinophilic fasciitis and eosinophilic cellulitis, may be associated with an underlying hematological disorder, while others are considered idiopathic. However, for most of these rare eosinophilic dermatoses, the causes and the pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unknown, and systemic, high-quality clinical investigations are needed for advances in better strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Here, we present a comprehensive review on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of these rare entities, with an emphasis on recent advances and current consensus.