Sickle haemoglobin, haemoglobin C and malaria mortality feedbacks

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• 作者：Bronner P. Gonçalves ; Sunetra Gupta ; Bridget S. Penman
• 关键词：Malaria ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Sickle cell ; Haemoglobin C ; Haemoglobinopathies ; Human evolution ; Gametocytes ; Transmission ; Sickle haemoglobin
• 刊名：Malaria Journal
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：15
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,700 KB
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• 作者单位：Bronner P. Gonçalves (1)
  Sunetra Gupta (2)
  Bridget S. Penman (2)
  
  1. Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, W1CE 7HT, UK
  2. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
  
• 刊物主题：Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1475-2875

文摘

Background Sickle haemoglobin (HbS) and haemoglobin C (HbC) are both caused by point mutations in the beta globin gene, and both offer substantial malaria protection. Despite the fact that the blood disorder caused by homozygosity for HbC is much less severe than that caused by homozygosity for HbS (sickle cell anaemia), it is the sickle mutation which has come to dominate many old-world malarious regions, whilst HbC is highly restricted in its geographical distribution. It has been suggested that this discrepancy may be due to sickle cell heterozygotes enjoying a higher level of malaria protection than heterozygotes for HbC. A higher fitness of sickle cell heterozygotes relative to HbC heterozygotes could certainly have allowed the sickle cell allele to spread more rapidly. However, observations that carrying either HbC or HbS enhances an individual’s capacity to transmit malaria parasites to mosquitoes could also shed light on this conundrum.