The Immunological Contribution to Heterotopic Ossification Disorders

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• 作者：Michael R. Convente (1) (2)
  Haitao Wang (1) (2)
  Robert J. Pignolo (1) (2) (3)
  Frederick S. Kaplan (1) (2) (3)
  Eileen M. Shore (1) (2) (4)
  
  1. Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders ; Perelman School of Medicine ; University of Pennsylvania ; 424 Stemmler Hall ; 36th Street and Hamilton Walk ; Philadelphia ; PA ; 19104 ; USA
  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery ; Perelman School of Medicine ; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia ; PA ; USA
  3. Department of Medicine ; Perelman School of Medicine ; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia ; PA ; USA
  4. Department of Genetics ; Perelman School of Medicine ; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia ; PA ; USA
  
• 关键词：Heterotopic ossification ; Immune system ; Complement ; Macrophages ; Mast cells ; Lymphocytes ; Cytokines ; Chemokines ; Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva ; Progressive osseous heteroplasia
• 刊名：Current Osteoporosis Reports
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：13
• 期：2
• 页码：116-124
• 全文大小：256 KB
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• 刊物主题：Orthopedics; Epidemiology;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1544-2241

文摘

The formation of bone outside the endogenous skeleton is a significant clinical event, rendering affected individuals with immobility and a diminished quality of life. This bone, termed heterotopic ossification (HO), can appear in patients following invasive surgeries and traumatic injuries, as well as progressively manifest in several congenital disorders. A unifying feature of both genetic and nongenetic episodes of HO is immune system involvement at the early stages of disease. Activation of the immune system sets the stage for the downstream anabolic events that eventually result in ectopic bone formation, rendering the immune system a particularly appealing site of early therapeutic intervention for optimal management of disease. In this review, we will discuss the immunological contributions to HO disorders, with specific focus on contributing cell types, signaling pathways, relevant in vivo animal models, and potential therapeutic targets.