Combined Methods for Quantifying End-Uses of Residential Indoor Water Consumption

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• 作者：Yurina Otaki ; Masahiro Otaki ; Toshiya Aramaki
• 关键词：End ; uses ; Residential indoor water use ; Tablet ; based questionnaire survey ; Direct metering
• 刊名：Environmental Processes
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：4
• 期：1
• 页码：33-47
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Environmental Science and Engineering; Environmental Management; Waste Management/Waste Technology;
• 刊物主题：Environmental Science and Engineering; Environmental Management; Waste Management/Waste Technology; Water Quality/Water Pollution;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：2198-7505
• 卷排序：4

文摘

This study aims to develop a suitable tool for understanding the end-uses of indoor water consumption (e.g., toilet, kitchen, bathroom, clothes washing) in developing countries. Both direct metering and questionnaire survey were conducted for each end-use in the surrounding areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. We measured the detailed end-uses of residential indoor water, the disaggregation of total consumption of individual household into a number of end-uses, and conducted a detailed questionnaire survey on water use behaviour. A tablet-based questionnaire was used and it proved effective in terms of usability and data collection. The results suggest that the combination of direct metering, questionnaire survey, and toilet tank and shower flow rate measurement is the best method for understanding residential indoor water use.