Preceding seismic activity and slow slip events in the source area of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: a review

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• 作者：Akira Hasegawa ; Keisuke Yoshida
• 关键词：2011 Tohoku ; Oki earthquake ; Precursory seismic activity ; Precursory SSEs ; Foreshocks ; Earthquake nucleation process
• 刊名：Geoscience Letters
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：2
• 期：1
• 全文大小：3792KB
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• 作者单位：Akira Hasegawa (1)
  Keisuke Yoshida (2)
  
  1. Research Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
  2. Now at National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-0006,, Ibaraki, Japan
  
• 刊物类别：Earth Sciences, general; Atmospheric Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Oceanography; Planetology; Biogeo
• 刊物主题：Earth Sciences, general; Atmospheric Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Oceanography; Planetology; Biogeosciences;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：2196-4092

文摘

The 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake ruptured a large area of the megathrust east of NE Japan. The earthquake’s magnitude was 9.0, substantially larger than predicted. It is important to know what occurred in the source area prior to this great megathrust earthquake to improve understanding of the nucleation processes of large earthquakes and risk assessments in subduction zones. Seafloor observation data revealed the existence of two extremely large slip patches: one just updip of the mainshock hypocenter and the other 80-00 km to the north near the trench axis. For 70-0 years before 2003, M > 6 events and slips of M > c. 7 events on the megathrust occurred in the areas surrounding these two large slip patches. Seismic activity had increased since at least 2003 in the downdip portion of the source area of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. In addition, long-term accelerated slow slip occurred in this downdip portion of the source area in the decades before the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. About 1 month before the earthquake, a slow slip event (SSE) took place at relatively shallow depths between the two large slip patches, accompanied by foreshock activity. Both the slow slip and foreshocks propagated from north to south toward the southern large slip patch. Two days before the earthquake, an M 7.3 foreshock and an associated postseismic slip began at relatively deep depths in the megathrust between the two large slip patches. In addition, a slow slip type event seems to have occurred approximately half a day after the M 7.3 foreshock near the mainshock hypocenter. This slow slip event and the foreshock activity again propagated from north to south toward the mainshock hypocenter. These long- and short-term preceding seismic and aseismic slip gradually reduced the interplate coupling, increased shear stresses at the two large slip patches (i.e., two strong asperity patches), and finally led to the rupture of the great Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Keywords 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake Precursory seismic activity Precursory SSEs Foreshocks Earthquake nucleation process