Epidemiologic profile, sexual history, pathologic features, and human papillomavirus status of 103 patients with penile carcinoma

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• 作者：Alcides Chaux (1) (2)
  George J. Netto (2)
  Ingrid M. Rodríguez (1)
  José E. Barreto (1)
  Judith Oertell (1)
  Sandra Ocampos (1)
  Hugo Boggino (1)
  Ricardo Codas (1)
  F. Xavier Bosch (3)
  Silvia de Sanjose (3) (4)
  Nubia Mu?oz (3)
  Allan Hildesheim (5)
  Antonio L. Cubilla (1)
  
• 关键词：Penile cancer ; Human papillomavirus ; Circumcision ; Phimosis ; Lichen sclerosus ; Risk factors
• 刊名：World Journal of Urology
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：August 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：31
• 期：4
• 页码：861-867
• 全文大小：520KB
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  3. Bleeker MC, Heideman DA, Snijders PJ, Horenblas S, Dillner J, Meijer CJ (2009) Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. World J Urol 27(2):141-50. doi:10.1007/s00345-008-0302-z CrossRef
  4. Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S (2005) Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14(2):467-75 CrossRef
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  6. Backes DM, Kurman RJ, Pimenta JM, Smith JS (2009) Systematic review of human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer. Cancer Causes Control 20(4):449-57 CrossRef
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  11. Velazquez EF, Bock A, Soskin A, Codas R, Arbo M, Cubilla AL (2003) Preputial variability and preferential association of long phimotic foreskins with penile cancer: an anatomic comparative study of types of foreskin in a general population and cancer patients. Am J Surg Pathol 27(7):994-98 CrossRef
  12. Epstein JH, Cubilla AL, Humphrey PA (2011) Tumors of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, penis, and scrotum. In: Atlas of Tumor Pathology. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, pp 405-12
  13. Chaux A, Torres J, Pfannl R, Barreto J, Rodriguez I, Velazquez EF, Cubilla AL (2009) Histologic grade in penile squamous cell carcinoma: Visual estimation versus digital measurement of proportions of grades, adverse prognosis with any proportion of grade 3 and correlation of a Gleason-like system with nodal metastasis. Am J Surg Pathol 33(7):1042-048 CrossRef
  14. Daling JR, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG, Schwartz SM, Shera KA, Wurscher MA, Carter JJ, Porter PL, Galloway DA, McDougall JK, Krieger JN (2005) Penile cancer: importance of circumcision, human papillomavirus and smoking in in situ and invasive disease. Int J Cancer 116(4):606-16 CrossRef
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• 作者单位：Alcides Chaux (1) (2)
  George J. Netto (2)
  Ingrid M. Rodríguez (1)
  José E. Barreto (1)
  Judith Oertell (1)
  Sandra Ocampos (1)
  Hugo Boggino (1)
  Ricardo Codas (1)
  F. Xavier Bosch (3)
  Silvia de Sanjose (3) (4)
  Nubia Mu?oz (3)
  Allan Hildesheim (5)
  Antonio L. Cubilla (1)
  
  1. Instituto de Patología e Investigación, Asunción, Paraguay
  2. Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 N Broadway/Weinberg 2242, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
  3. Institut Català d’Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
  4. CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
  5. Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
  

文摘

Purpose The incidence of penile cancer is four times higher in Paraguay than in the United States or Europe. There are no adequate scientific explanations for this geographical variation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the interplay among risk factors, morphology of the primary tumor, and HPV status. Methods Information on socioeconomic status, education level, habits, and sexual history was obtained in 103 Paraguayan patients with penile cancer. All patients were then treated by surgery, and specimens were evaluated histopathologically. Results Patients usually dwelled in rural/suburban areas (82%), lived in poverty (75%), had a low education level (91%), and were heavy smokers (76%). Phimosis (57%), moderate/poor hygienic habits (90%), and history of sexually transmitted diseases (74%) were frequently found. Patients with >10 lifetime female partners had an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% CI 1.1, 12.6; P-trend?=?.03) for presenting HPV-positive tumors when compared to patients with <6 partners. However, this trend was not significant when the number of sexual partners was adjusted for age of first coitus and antecedents of sexually transmitted diseases. HPV-related tumors (found in 36% of the samples) were characterized by a warty and/or basaloid morphology and high histological grade in most cases. Conclusions In our series, patients with penile cancer presented a distinctive epidemiologic and pathologic profile. These data might help explaining the geographical differences in incidence and aid in the design of strategies for cancer control in Paraguay.