Negative canopy–understorey interaction shapes the sapling bank of Fagus crenata in a cool-temperate, conifer–hardwood mixed forest

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• 作者：Tomohiro Kuninaga ; Kimiko Hirayama ; Michinori Sakimoto
• 关键词：Canopy structure ; Canopy–understorey interactions ; Conifer–hardwood mixed forest ; Fagus crenata ; Negative density ; dependence ; Spatial analysis
• 刊名：Plant Ecology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：August 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：216
• 期：8
• 页码：1191-1202
• 全文大小：1,059 KB
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• 作者单位：Tomohiro Kuninaga (1) (3)
  Kimiko Hirayama (1)
  Michinori Sakimoto (2)
  
  1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-cho 1-5, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
  3. Fukui Nature Conservation Center, Minami-Rokuroshi 169-11-2, Ono City, 912-0131, Japan
  2. Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5052

文摘

Negative density-dependence (NDD) is a major mechanism for shaping forest communities. However, its influence on species coexistence in conifer–hardwood mixed forests remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether NDD influences establishment of the seedling and/or sapling bank of Fagus crenata in an evergreen, coniferous Cryptomeria japonica-dominated stand, focusing on canopy structure (openness, distance from mature plants and species composition). For F. crenata trees, we analysed the spatial pattern using the pair-correlation function g(r) to test for NDD and spatial correspondence to canopy structure in two study plots established in a cool-temperate, old-growth conifer–hardwood mixed forest in western Japan. We also analysed the height growth of offspring and understorey light condition with respect to canopy structure. We detected evidence of NDD among neighbours during the transition of seedlings (age ?nbsp;4 years) to saplings (age > 4 years, stem length < 3 m). Although offspring densities at the seedling stage were highest under the conspecific canopy, those at the small sapling stage were significantly elevated under the C. japonica canopy in a zone extending 5 m beyond the drip lines of conspecifics. The height growth of saplings (age > 4 years) was elevated under the canopy of C. japonica, which was lighter than under that of F. crenata. Our results suggest that F. crenata recruitment was affected by NDD at the seedling-to-sapling transition under the conspecifics and allowed for the formation of the sapling bank under C. japonica canopies beyond the drip lines of conspecifics. Keywords Canopy structure Canopy–understorey interactions Conifer–hardwood mixed forest Fagus crenata Negative density-dependence Spatial analysis