Sialylation of N-glycans: mechanism, cellular compartmentalization and function

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• 作者：Gaurang P. Bhide ; Karen J. Colley
• 关键词：Sialic acid ; Polysialic acid ; Sialyltransferase ; Golgi ; Selectins ; Siglecs
• 刊名：Histochemistry and Cell Biology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：147
• 期：2
• 页码：149-174
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine, general; Cell Biology; Biochemistry, general; Developmental Biology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-119X
• 卷排序：147

文摘

Sialylated N-glycans play essential roles in the immune system, pathogen recognition and cancer. This review approaches the sialylation of N-glycans from three perspectives. The first section focuses on the sialyltransferases that add sialic acid to N-glycans. Included in the discussion is a description of these enzymes’ glycan acceptors, conserved domain organization and sequences, molecular structure and catalytic mechanism. In addition, we discuss the protein interactions underlying the polysialylation of a select group of adhesion and signaling molecules. In the second section, the biosynthesis of sialic acid, CMP-sialic acid and sialylated N-glycans is discussed, with a special emphasis on the compartmentalization of these processes in the mammalian cell. The sequences and mechanisms maintaining the sialyltransferases and other glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi are also reviewed. In the final section, we have chosen to discuss processes in which sialylated glycans, both N- and O-linked, play a role. The first part of this section focuses on sialic acid-binding proteins including viral hemagglutinins, Siglecs and selectins. In the second half of this section, we comment on the role of sialylated N-glycans in cancer, including the roles of β1-integrin and Fas receptor N-glycan sialylation in cancer cell survival and drug resistance, and the role of these sialylated proteins and polysialic acid in cancer metastasis.