A multifunctional ribonuclease A-conjugated carbon dot cluster nanosystem for synchronous cancer imaging and therapy

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Huiyang Liu ; Qin Wang ; Guangxia Shen ; Chunlei Zhang ; Chao Li…
• 关键词：Carbon dots ; RNase A ; MGC ; 803 cell line ; Microwave irradiation ; Molecular imaging ; MTT
• 刊名：Nanoscale Research Letters
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：9
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2,117 KB
• 参考文献：1. Xu, X, Ray, R, Gu, Y, Ploehn, HJ, Gearheart, L, Raker, K, Scrivens, WA (2004) Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments. J Am Chem Soc 126: pp. 12736-12737 CrossRef
  2. Baker, SN, Baker, GA (2010) Luminescent carbon nanodots: emergent nanolights. Angew Chem Int Ed 49: pp. 6726-6744 CrossRef
  3. Li, H, Kang, Z, Liu, Y, Lee, S-T (2012) Carbon nanodots: synthesis, properties and applications. J Mater Chem 22: pp. 24230-24253 CrossRef
  4. Xu, M, Li, Z, Zhu, X, Hu, N, Wei, H, Yang, Z, Zhang, Y (2013) Hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their biological applications. Nano Biomed Eng 5: pp. 65-71
  5. Wang, K, Gao, Z, Gao, G, Wo, Y, Wang, Y, Shen, G, Cui, D (2013) Systematic safety evaluation on photoluminescent carbon dots. Nanoscale Res Lett 8: pp. 1-9 CrossRef
  6. Li, X, Zhang, S, Kulinich, SA, Liu, Y, Zeng, H (2014) Engineering surface states of carbon dots to achieve controllable luminescence for solid-luminescent composites and sensitive Be2+ detection. Sci Rep 4: pp. 4976
  7. Sun, Y-P, Luo, PG, Sahu, S, Yang, S-T, Sonkar, SK, Wang, J, Wang, H, Lecory, GE, Cao, L, Sun, Y (2012) Carbon “quantum-dots for optical bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 1: pp. 2116-2127
  8. Sun, Y-P, Zhou, B, Lin, Y, Wang, W, Fernando, KS, Pathak, P, Meziani, MJ, Harruff, BA, Wang, X, Wang, H, Luo, PG, Yang, H, Kose, ME, Chen, B, Veca, LM, Xie, S (2006) Quantum-sized carbon dots for bright and colorful photoluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 128: pp. 7756-7757 CrossRef
  9. Cao, L, Wang, X, Meziani, MJ, Lu, F, Wang, H, Luo, PG, Lin, Y, Harruff, BA, Veca, LM, Murray, D, Xie, S, Sun, Y (2007) Carbon dots for multiphoton bioimaging. J Am Chem Soc 129: pp. 11318-11319 CrossRef
  10. Liu, R, Wu, D, Liu, S, Koynov, K, Knoll, W, Li, Q (2009) An aqueous route to multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots using silica spheres as carriers. AngewChem Int Ed 48: pp. 4598-4601 CrossRef
  11. Shen, B (2014) Systems molecular imaging: right around the corner. Nano Biomed Eng 6: pp. 1-6
  12. Yang, S-T, Cao, L, Luo, PG, Lu, F, Wang, X, Wang, H, Meziani, MJ, Liu, Y, Qi, G, Sun, Y (2009) Carbon dots for optical imaging in vivo. J Am Chem Soc 131: pp. 11308-11309 CrossRef
  13. Huang, P, Lin, J, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Zhang, C, He, M, Wang, K, Chen, F, Li, Z, Shen, G, Cui, D, Chen, X (2012) Light?triggered theranostics based on photosensitizer?conjugated carbon dots for simultaneous enhanced?fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Adv Mater 24: pp. 5104-5110 CrossRef
  14. Kong, B, Zhu, A, Ding, C, Zhao, X, Li, B, Tian, Y (2012) Carbon dot?based inorganic–organic nanosystem for two?photon imaging and biosensing of pH variation in living cells and tissues. Adv Mater 24: pp. 5844-5848 CrossRef
  15. Liu, C, Zhang, P, Zhai, X, Tian, F, Li, W, Yang, J, Liu, Y, Wang, H, Wang, W, Liu, W (2012) Nano-carrier for gene delivery and bioimaging based on carbon dots with PEI-passivation enhanced fluorescence. Biomaterials 33: pp. 3604-3613 CrossRef
  16. da Silva, J, Goncalves, HMR (2011) Analytical and bioanalytical applications of carbon dots. Trac-Trends Anal Chem 30: pp. 1327-1336 CrossRef
  17. Zhou, J, Booker, C, Li, R, Zhou, X, Sham, T-K, Sun, X, Ding, Z (2007) An electrochemical avenue to blue luminescent nanocrystals from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). J Am Chem Soc 129: pp. 744-745 CrossRef
  18. Hu, S-L, Niu, K-Y, Su
• 刊物主题：Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Nanoscale Science and Technology; Nanochemistry; Molecular Medicine;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1556-276X

文摘

Carbon dots exhibit great potential in applications such as molecular imaging and in vivo molecular tracking. However, how to enhance fluorescence intensity of carbon dots has become a great challenge. Herein, we report for the first time a new strategy to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) with high quantum yields by using ribonuclease A (RNase A) as a biomolecular templating agent under microwave irradiation. The synthesized RNase A-conjugated carbon dots (RNase A@C-dots) exhibited quantum yields of 24.20%. The fluorescent color of the RNase A@C-dots can easily be adjusted by varying the microwave reaction time and microwave power. Moreover, the emission wavelength and intensity of RNase A@C-dots displayed a marked excitation wavelength-dependent character. As the excitation wavelength alters from 300 to 500?nm, the photoluminescence (PL) peak exhibits gradually redshifts from 450 to 550?nm, and the intensity reaches its maximum at an excitation wavelength of 380?nm. Its Stokes shift is about 80?nm. Notably, the PL intensity is gradually decreasing as the pH increases, almost linearly dependent, and it reaches the maximum at a pH-- condition; the emission peaks also show clearly a redshift, which may be caused by the high activity and perfective dispersion of RNase A in a lower pH solution. In high pH solution, RNase A tends to form RNase A warped carbon dot nanoclusters. Cell imaging confirmed that the RNase A@C-dots could enter into the cytoplasm through cell endocytosis. 3D confocal imaging and transmission electron microscopy observation confirmed partial RNase A@C-dots located inside the nucleus. MTT and real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) analysis showed that the RNase A@C-dots could effectively inhibit the growth of MGC-803 cells. Intra-tumor injection test of RNase A@C-dots showed that RNase A@C-dots could be used for imaging in vivo gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, the as-prepared RNase A@C-dots are suitable for simultaneous therapy and in vivo fluorescence imaging of nude mice loaded with gastric cancer or other tumors.