Pharmacological Treatment in γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) Dependence: Detoxification and Relapse Prevention

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• 作者：Rama M. Kamal ; Martijn S. van Noorden ; Wim Wannet ; Harmen Beurmanjer…
• 刊名：CNS Drugs
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：31
• 期：1
• 页码：51-64
• 全文大小：
• 刊物主题：Neurology; Psychopharmacology; Pharmacotherapy; Neurosciences; Psychiatry;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：1179-1934
• 卷排序：31

文摘

The misuse of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for recreational purposes has resulted in an increase in GHB-related problems such as intoxications, dependence and withdrawal in several countries in Europe, Australia and the US over the last decade. However, prevalence rates of misuse of GHB and its precursor, γ-butyrolactone (GBL), are still relatively low. In this qualitative review paper, after a short introduction on the pharmacology of GHB/GBL, followed by a summary of the epidemiology of GHB abuse, an overview of GHB dependence syndrome and GHB/GBL withdrawal syndrome is provided. Finally, the existing literature on management of GHB detoxification, both planned and unplanned, as well as the available management of GHB withdrawal syndrome, is summarized. Although no systematic studies on detoxification and management of withdrawal have been performed to date, general recommendations are given on pharmacological treatment and preferred treatment setting.