Hyperopia: a meta-analysis of prevalence and a review of associated factors among school-aged children

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• 作者：Victor Delpizzo Castagno (25)
  Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa (26)
  Maria Laura Vidal Carret (27)
  Manuel Augusto Pereira Vilela (25)
  Rodrigo Dalke Meucci (27)
  
  25. Department of Specialized Medicine 鈥?Ophthalmology ; Federal University of Pelotas ; Rua Marechal Deodoro ; 1160 ; Centro ; 96020-220 ; Pelotas ; RS ; Brazil
  26. Department of Social Medicine ; Rua Marechal Deodoro ; 1160 ; Centro ; 96020-220 ; Pelotas ; RS ; Brazil
  27. Department of Social Medicine ; Federal University of Pelotas ; Avenida Duque de Caxias ; 250 ; Fragata ; 96001-970 ; Pelotas ; RS ; Brazil
  
• 关键词：Children ; Cross ; Sectional Studies ; Hyperopia ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prevalence
• 刊名：BMC Ophthalmology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：14
• 期：1
• 全文大小：718 KB
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  66. The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2415/14/163/prepub
  
• 刊物主题：Ophthalmology;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1471-2415

文摘

Background Studies show great variability in the prevalence of hyperopia among children. This study aimed to synthesize the existing knowledge about hyperopia prevalence and its associated factors in school children and to explore the reasons for this variability. Methods This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Searching several international databases, the review included population- or school-based studies assessing hyperopia through cycloplegic autorefraction or cycloplegic retinoscopy. Meta-analysis of hyperopia prevalence was performed following MOOSE guidelines and using the random effects model. Results The review included 40 cross-sectional studies. The prevalence of hyperopia ranged from 8.4% at age six, 2-3% from 9 to 14 years and approximately 1% at 15 years. With regard to associated factors, age has an inverse association with hyperopia. The frequency of hyperopia is higher among White children and those who live in rural areas. There is no consensus about the association between hyperopia and gender, family income and parental schooling. Conclusion Future studies should use standardized methods to classify hyperopia and sufficient sample size when evaluating age-specific prevalence. Furthermore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding about the interactions among hyperopic refractive error and accommodative and binocular functions as a way of identifying groups of hyperopic children at risk of developing visual, academic and even cognitive function sequelae.