Metabolic Alterations in Developing Brain After Injury: Knowns and Unknowns

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• 作者：Mary C. McKenna ; Susanna Scafidi ; Courtney L. Robertson
• 关键词：Brain energy metabolism ; Development ; Prematurity ; Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia ; Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy ; Pediatric traumatic brain injury ; 13C ; NMR spectroscopy ; 1H ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Glucose ; Ketones
• 刊名：Neurochemical Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：40
• 期：12
• 页码：2527-2543
• 全文大小：562 KB
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• 作者单位：Mary C. McKenna (1)
  Susanna Scafidi (2)
  Courtney L. Robertson (2) (3)
  
  1. Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655?W. Baltimore St., Room 13-019, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
  2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  3. Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Neurosciences
  Biochemistry
  Neurology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-6903

文摘

Brain development is a highly orchestrated complex process. The developing brain utilizes many substrates including glucose, ketone bodies, lactate, fatty acids and amino acids for energy, cell division and the biosynthesis of nucleotides, proteins and lipids. Metabolism is crucial to provide energy for all cellular processes required for brain development and function including ATP formation, synaptogenesis, synthesis, release and uptake of neurotransmitters, maintaining ionic gradients and redox status, and myelination. The rapidly growing population of infants and children with neurodevelopmental and cognitive impairments and life-long disability resulting from developmental brain injury is a significant public health concern. Brain injury in infants and children can have devastating effects because the injury is superimposed on the high metabolic demands of the developing brain. Acute injury in the pediatric brain can derail, halt or lead to dysregulation of the complex and highly regulated normal developmental processes. This paper provides a brief review of metabolism in developing brain and alterations found clinically and in animal models of developmental brain injury. The metabolic changes observed in three major categories of injury that can result in life-long cognitive and neurological disabilities, including neonatal hypoxia–ischemia, pediatric traumatic brain injury, and brain injury secondary to prematurity are reviewed. Keywords Brain energy metabolism Development Prematurity Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy Pediatric traumatic brain injury 13C-NMR spectroscopy 1H-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Glucose Ketones