Ichnotaxonomy and interpretation of “incipient-insect trace fossils in the archaeological context of Abusir (Holocene, Egypt)

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• 作者：R. Mikulá? (1)
  
• 关键词：Holocene ; insect burrows ; ichnotaxonomy ; Egyptology ; Abusir
• 刊名：Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：May 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：21
• 期：3
• 页码：323-336
• 全文大小：11792KB
• 参考文献：1. / Abusir and Saqqara in the Year, Bárta, M., Coppens, F., and Krej?í, J., Eds., Prague: Charles Univ., 2005.
  2. Bromley, R.G., / Trace fossils—biology, taphonomy and applications, p. 2, London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.
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  4. Genise, J.F., The Ichnofamily Celliformidae for Celliforma and allied ichnogenera, / Ichnos, 2000, vol. 7, pp. 267-82. CrossRef
  5. Genise, J.F., Mangano, G.M., Buatois, L.A., et al., Insect trace fossil associations in Paleosols: the Coprinisphaera ichnofacies, / Palaios, 2000, vol. 15, pp. 49-4. CrossRef
  6. Hasiotis, S.T., / Continental ichnology: fundamental processes and controls on trace-fossil distribution in / Trace fossils, concepts, problems, prospects, Miller, W. III,Ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007, pp. 268-84. CrossRef
  7. Kamel, S. and Shouky, A., / Alfalfa and clover pollinators in Egypt, 2004. www.pollinatorparadise.com/Egypt.htm.
  8. Mikulá?, R. and Genise, J.F., Traces within traces. Holes, pits and galleries in walls and fillings of insect trace fossils in Paleosols, / Geol. Acta, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 339-48.
  
• 作者单位：R. Mikulá? (1)
  
  1. Institute of Geology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 269, Praha 6, 16500, Czech Republic
  
• ISSN：1555-6263

文摘

Incipient forms of the ichnogenera Celliforma, ?Rebuffoichnus, Tombownichnus, Taenidium, Chubutolites and Machichnus and, in addition, complex forms of probable termite galleries, beetle galleries and mammal burrows were found in masonry, plasters and surrounding (both natural and man-made) deposits in the ancient Abusir necropolis. Among the ways of the classification of the material, the use of standard ichnotaxonomic names appeared to be more objective and more correct than mere estimations of possible tracemakers as made colloquially in the past. The realistic classification enables a useful interpretation in such a context through dating (radiometric dating is possible if the tunnels are lined with organic matter), specification of depth of burrowing/bioerosion (some insect structures show a highly specific depth below the substrate surface) and identification of the tracemaker (insect family, genus, species). Having such information, it is possible, e.g., to recognize that the wall of a building was exposed/unburied during certain time interval and that the environment was favourable for the development of the tracemaker (e.g., clover-pollinating solitary bees). Three basic colonization times were recognized: first, 2760 ± 35 B.P. = ca 750 B.C.; second, 645 ± 30 B.P. i.e. ca 1350 A.D.; third, 225 ± 30 B.P., i.e. ca 1775 A.D.