Prévalence de l’infection par le parvovirus B19 humain au cours des éruptions fébriles de l’enfant dans le Nord tunisien

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• 作者：A. Bouafsoun ; N. Hannachi ; H. Smaoui…
• 刊名：Bulletin de la Soci¨¦t¨¦ de pathologie exotique
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：August 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：109
• 期：3
• 页码：165-171
• 全文大小：304 KB
• 刊物主题：Internal Medicine; Tropical Medicine; Infectious Diseases; Gastroenterology; Epidemiology; Parasitology;
• 出版者：Springer Paris
• ISSN：1961-9049
• 卷排序：109

文摘

The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of specific antibodies anti-human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in children with fever and rash. This study involved 257 children aged from 7 months to 15 years with febrile rash unrelated to measles and rubella (seronegative for IgM). The sera were examined by immunoenzymatic assay. Detection of antibodies of PVB19 was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). In our study, prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM were 44 and 11.3%, respectively. Clinically, children with positive IgM serology had submitted an erythema infectiosum (13/29 cases), myocarditis (1 case), encephalitis (1 case), severe sickle cell anemia (7 cases), and immunocompromised (7 cases). The incidence rate of viral infection was 11.3%; most of the cases of PVB19 infection occurred between the months of May and August. Incidence was higher in the 10–15 years age group (21%). The prevalence of IgG antibody varied and increased with age, it rises from 38.2% in preschool children (19 months–4 years) to 53.5% in those aged between 4.5 and 15 years, reaching 58% in the 10–15 years age group. The four risk factors of PVB19 infection are: (1) those aged between 4.5 and 9 years, which is the most affected age group (P = 0.0018); (2) female gender in children aged between 19 months and 4 years (P = 0.037); (3) transfusion and (4) immune deficiency (P = 0.022 and P = 0.001, respectively). The study of the prevalence of PVB19 infection shows that viral infection is acquired early in childhood, increases with age; viral transmission is favored by the community life. Because of the widespread vaccination program against measles and rubella, the systematic search of PVB19 in front of eruptive fevers becomes important.KeywordsHuman parvovirus B19ChildrenEruptive feversRisk factorsIncidencePrevalenceHospitalTunisTunisiaMaghrebNorthern Africa