Variability of solar/stellar activity and magnetic field and its influence on planetary atmosphere evolution

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• 作者：Helmut Lammer ; Manuel Güdel ; Yuri Kulikov ; Ignasi Ribas…
• 关键词：Young Sun ; solar activity ; solar proxies ; solar wind ; atmosphere evolution ; ENAs ; WSO ; UV ; PLATO
• 刊名：Earth, Planets and Space
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：February 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：64
• 期：2
• 页码：179-199
• 全文大小：744KB
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• 作者单位：Helmut Lammer (1)
  Manuel Güdel (2)
  Yuri Kulikov (3)
  Ignasi Ribas (4)
  Teimuraz V. Zaqarashvili (1) (5)
  Maxim L. Khodachenko (1)
  Kristina G. Kislyakova (6) (7)
  Hannes Gr?ller (1)
  Petra Odert (7)
  Martin Leitzinger (7)
  Bibiana Fichtinger (7)
  Sandro Krauss (1)
  Walter Hausleitner (1)
  Mats Holmstr?m (8)
  Jorge Sanz-Forcada (9)
  Herbert I. M. Lichtenegger (1)
  Arnold Hanslmeier (7)
  Valery I. Shematovich (10)
  Dmitry Bisikalo (10)
  Heike Rauer (11) (12)
  Malcolm Fridlund (13)
  
  1. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, Graz, A-8042, Austria
  2. Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstr. 17, Vienna, A-1180, Austria
  3. Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina Str. 15, Murmansk, 183010, Russia
  4. Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya/CSIC, Torre C5-parell-2a planta, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
  5. Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State University, Kazbegi ave. 2a, Tbilisi, Georgia
  6. N. I. Lobachevsky State University, University of Nizhnij Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhnij Novgorod, 603950, Russia
  7. Institut für Physik/IGAM, Universit?t Graz Universit?tsplatz 5, Graz, A-8010, Austria
  8. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Box 812, SE-98128, Sweden
  9. Centro de Astrobiología/CSIC-INTA, LAEFF Campus, Villanueva de la Ca?ada, Madrid, P.O. Box 78, E-28691, Spain
  10. Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 48 Pyatnitskaya Str., Moscow, 119017, Russia
  11. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Planetenforschung, Rutherfordstr. 2, Berlin, 12489, Germany
  12. Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, Berlin, D-10623, Germany
  13. Research and Scientific Support Department, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, Noordwijk, 2200 AG, The Netherlands
  
• 刊物类别：Earth Sciences, general; Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy;
• 刊物主题：Earth Sciences, general; Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1880-5981

文摘

It is shown that the evolution of planetary atmospheres can only be understood if one recognizes the fact that the radiation and particle environment of the Sun or a planet’s host star were not always on the same level as at present. New insights and the latest observations and research regarding the evolution of the solar radiation, plasma environment and solar/stellar magnetic field derived from the observations of solar proxies with different ages will be given. We show that the extreme radiation and plasma environments of the young Sun/stars have important implications for the evolution of planetary atmospheres and may be responsible for the fact that planets with low gravity like early Mars most likely never build up a dense atmosphere during the first few 100 Myr after their origin. Finally we present an innovative new idea on how hydrogen clouds and energetic neutral atom (ENA) observations around transiting Earth-like exoplanets by space observatories such as the WSO-UV, can be used for validating the addressed atmospheric evolution studies. Such observations would enhance our understanding on the impact on the activity of the young Sun on the early atmospheres of Venus, Earth, Mars and other Solar System bodies as well as exoplanets. Key words Young Sun solar activity solar proxies solar wind atmosphere evolution ENAs WSO-UV PLATO