Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Two Dosage Regimens of Linezolid in Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
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- 作者：Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar (1)
Richard van Altena (2)
Ilse M. Harmelink (1)
Patricia Filguera (2)
Esther Molenaar (3)
A. Mireille A. Wessels (1)
Dick van Soolingen (4)
Jos G. W. Kosterink (1)
Donald R. A. Uges (1)
Tjip S. van der Werf (5) - 刊名：Clinical Pharmacokinetics
- 出版年：2010
- 出版时间：August 2010
- 年：2010
- 卷：49
- 期：8
- 页码：559-565
- 全文大小：165KB
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Richard van Altena (2)
Ilse M. Harmelink (1)
Patricia Filguera (2)
Esther Molenaar (3)
A. Mireille A. Wessels (1)
Dick van Soolingen (4)
Jos G. W. Kosterink (1)
Donald R. A. Uges (1)
Tjip S. van der Werf (5)
1. Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
2. Tuberculosis Centre Beatrixoord, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
3. Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
4. National Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
5. Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pulmonary Diseases & Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands - ISSN：1179-1926
文摘
Background and Objectives For the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB), potent new drugs are urgently needed. Linezolid is a promising drug, but its use is limited by adverse effects with prolonged administration of 600 mg twice daily. In order to reduce its adverse effects and maintain efficacy, we investigated whether linezolid in a reduced dosage resulted in drug serum concentrations exceeding a ratio of the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) over 24 hours (AUC24) [AUC24/MIC] of >100. Patients and Methods This open-label, prospective pharmacokinetic study evaluated two doses (300 and 600 mg) of linezolid in MDR-TB patients, who received linezolid as part of their treatment. They received linezolid 300 mg twice daily for 3 days, followed by 600 mg twice daily. Blood samples taken at predefined intervals for measuring serum linezolid concentrations were processed by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry procedure. The AUC24/MIC ratio was used as a predictive model of efficacy. Adverse effects of linezolid, including peripheral neuropathy, were evaluated by clinical and laboratory assessments. Results Eight patients were included in this study. The median duration of linezolid treatment was 56 days (interquartile range [IQR 44-82] days), with a median cumulative dose of 51000 mg (IQR 33 850-60 450 mg). The median linezolid AUC over 12 hours (AUC12) values were 57.6mg ·h/L (IQR 38.5-4.2 mg?h/L) with the 300mg dose and 145.8mg?h/L (IQR 101.2-60.9mg?h/L) with the 600mg dose. The AUC24/MIC ratios were 452 (IQR 343-513) with the 300mg dose and 1151 (IQR 656-1500) with the 600mg dose. Linezolid was well tolerated. Conclusion Seemingly effective serum concentrations were reached after 3 days of administration of linezolid 300 mg twice daily, i.e. the AUC24/MIC ratio was at least 100 in 7 of 8 patients. Larger numbers of patients should be studied to confirm the efficacy of the linezolid 300 mg twice-daily dosage in MDR-TB or XDR-TB treatment.